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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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COLONIZATION |
MICROORGANISMS PRESENT WITHOUT HOST INTERFERENCE OR INTERACTION |
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INFECTION |
INDICATES HOST INTERACTION WITH THE ORGANISM (A-SYMPTOMATIC OR SYMPTOMATIC) |
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DISEASE |
THE INFECTED HOST DISPLAYS A DECLINE IN WELLNESS DUE TO THE INFECTION (SYMPTOMATIC) |
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COMMUNICABLE DISEASE |
DISEASE IS TRANSMITTED FROM ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER |
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CHAIN OF INFECTION |
1. INFECTIOUS AGENT OR PATHOGEN 2. RESEVIOR OR SOURCE FOR PATHOGEN GROWTH 3. PORTAL OF EXIT 4. MODE OF TRANSMISSION 5. PORTAL OF ENTRY 6. SUSCEPTIBLE HOST |
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NORMAL FLORA; DON'T USUALLY CAUSE ILLNESS UNLESS.... |
-Immunocompromised -Surgery/ Invasive Procedure |
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VIRULENCE |
ABILITY TO SURVIVE OUTSIDE THE HOST |
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GRAM + BACTERIA |
STAPH (SKIN, HAIR, NOSE, MOUTH) STREP (SKIN, PERINEAL AREA) |
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GRAM - BACTERIA |
E COLI (COLON) |
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POTENTIAL STI COMPLICATIONS |
INCREASED RISK FOR ECTOPIC PREGNANCY INFERTILTIY TRANSMISSION OF INFECTION |
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NURSING INTERVENTIONS FOR STI PATIENTS |
EDUCATION!!! REDUCE ANXIETY INCREASE COMPLIANCE |
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WHAT DOES A VIRUS DO TO A LIVING CELL? |
INVADES, REPLICATES, DESTROYS CELLS GENETIC MAKEUP |
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VIRUSES (Can cause...) |
HIV, AIDS, COMMON COLD, CHICKEN POX, MONO, PNEUMONIA, HEPATITIS, POLIO, SHINGLES ETC. |
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YEAST (Unicellular Fungi) |
Normal Flora of the skin & mucus membrane |
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PARASITES (That infect humans...) |
PROTOZOA HELMINTHS ARTHROPODS |
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PARASITES {PROTOZOA} |
Trich (STD) Pneumocystosis Malaria |
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PARASITES {HELMINTHS} |
WORMS WORMS WORMS |
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PARASITES {ARTHROPODS} |
MITES, TICKS, FLEAS, LICE, LARVAE |
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MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS (MDRO) |
MRSA- Methicillin resistant VRSA- Vanco resistant w/ STAPH resistant ESBL- Extended spectrum beta lactamase resistant VRE- Vanco resistant |
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RESEVOIR |
PLACE WHERE MICROORGANISMS CAN SURVIVE BUT MAY OR MAY NOT MULTIPLY (Require: Food, O2, water, temperature, pH, dark) **People, plants, animals, objects **People are most common |
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PORTAL OF EXIT |
-BLOOD -SKIN -MUCUS MEMBRANE -RESPIRATORY TRACT -GI TRACT -GU TRACT -REPRODUCTIVE TRACT |
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MODE OF TRANSMISSION |
CONTACT- Direct contant DROPLET- Travel up to 3 feet - wear mask- door can be open AIRBORNE- Suspended in air- negative pressure room- wear N95 VEHICLES- Contaminated, H20, food, blood VECTORS- Flies, mosquito, tick |
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MAJOR ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION FOR PATHOGENS IN A HEALTHCARE SETTING? |
UNWASHED HANDS |
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PORTAL OF ENTRY |
SAME AS PORTAL OF EXIT Additionally, broken skin. |
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FACTORS THAT INFLUECNE A PERSON'S SUSCEPTIBILITY? (RESISTANCE) |
AGE NUTRITIONAL STATUS STRESS DISEASE PROCESS MEDICAL THERAPY |
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NURSING INTERVENTIONS THAT BREAK THE CHAIN OF INFECTION... |
WASHING HANDS PATIENT, FAMILY EDUCATION APPROPRIATE BARRIER PRECATIONS STERILITY ATB AS PRESCRIBED REST GOOD NUTRITION |
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INFECTION STAGES... INCUBATION PERIOD |
FROM THE ENTRANCE OF THE ORGANISM TO THE APPEARANCE OF THE 1ST SYMPTOM |
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INFECTION STAGES... PRODROMAL STAGE |
ONSET OF NON-SPECIFIC S/S TO MORE SPECIFIC S/S-- CONTAGIOUS |
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INFECTION STAGES... ILLNESS STAGE |
S/S BECOME SPECIFC TO TYPE OF INFECTION |
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INFECTION STAGES... CONVALESCENCE |
S/S DISAPPEAR |
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WHERE DOES NORMAL FLORA RESIDE? |
SKIN, DEEP SKIN TISSUE, SALIVA, ORAL MUCOSA, GI/GU TRACT |
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BROAD-SPECTRUM ATB USE CAN LEAD TO...? |
SUPER INFECTION |
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INFLAMMATION |
BODY'S IMMEDIATE CELLULAR RESPONSE TO INJURY, INFECTION, OR IRRIATION |
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5 SIGNS OF LOCAL INFLAMMATION |
ERYTHEMA WARMTH EDEMA PAIN LOSS OF FUNCTION |
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SYSTEMIC RESPONSE TO INFLAMMATION |
INCREASED WBC FEVER MALAISE PAIN LOSS OF APPETITE |
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VASCULAR RESPONSE IS VASODIALATION |
TO DELIVER BLOOD AND WBC TO INJURED TISSUE AND INCREASED CAPILLARY PERMEABILITY
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FEVER |
INCREASED METABOLISM --> INCREASED CONSUMPTION --> INCREASED HR & RR --> INCREASED STRESS ON HEART & RESP SYSTEM |
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MYOCARDIAL HYPOXIA SX |
CP, ANGINA |
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CEREBRAL HYPOXIA SX |
CONFUSION |
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FEBRILE EPISODE (CHILL PHASE) |
WHEN TEMP IS RISING TO MEET NEW SET POINT (CHILLS, SHIVERS) |
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FEBRILE EPISODE (PLATEAU PHASE) |
WHEN NEW SET POINT IS REACHED (CHILLS SUBSIDE, FEELS WARM AND DRY) |
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FEBRILE EPISODE (FLUSH OR CRISIS PHASE) |
IF NEW SET POINT IS OVERSHOT OR PYROGENS ARE REMOVED HYPOTHALAMUS SET POINT DROPS (WARM FLUSHED, DIAPHORETIC) |
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INFLAMMATORY EXUDATE |
FLUID, DEAD TISSUE CELLS, & WBC FORM EXUDATE @ SITE OF INFLAMMATION (SEROUS, SANGUINOUS, PURULENT) |
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CAUSES OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS? |
UNWASHED HANDS ATB INVASSIVE PROCEDURES BREAKS IN PROCEDURES |
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IATROGENIC INFECTIONS |
OCCUR FROM A DIAGNOSTIC OR THEREPUTIC PROCEDURE |
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EXOGENOUS INFECTION |
ORGANISM PRESENT OUTDIE OF THE INDIVIDUAL |
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ENDOGENOUS INFECTION |
NORMAL FLORA THAT BECOMES ALTERED OR OVER GROWTH EX: YEAST INFECTION FROM ATB |
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COMMON SITES FOR HAI... |
URINARY TRACT SURGICAL WOUNDS RESP TRACT BLOOD STREAM |
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EFFECTS OF HAI ON PATIENTS & HOSPITALS? |
ILLNESS LOSS OF WAGES D/T RECOVERY PAIN DEATH HIGH COST OF ATB NO REIMBURSMENT |
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NURSING PROCESS- ASSESSMENT |
TRAVEL HX IMMUNIZATIONS/ VACCINATIONS LAB RESULTS SUSCEPTABILTY CLINCAL APPEARANCE BREAKS IN SKIN? |
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WOUND INFECTION? |
REDNESS, EDEMA, SWELLING, PAIN, HEAT, FEVER |
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UTI
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URGENCY, FREQUENCY, DYSURIA, HEMATURIA, FLANK PAIN |
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RESPIRATORY INFECTION |
SPUTUM, SOB, HIGH RR, HIGH HR, CP, FEVER, DIFF BREATHING |
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GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTION |
N/V/D, CRAMPS, BLOODY STOOL |
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DIAGNOSTIC BLOOD TESTS |
CBC- INFECTION ESR- INFLAMMATION C&S- WHAT BACTERIA IS GROWING? |
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CBC INCLUDES... |
WBC (5000-10000) NEUTROPHILS 55%-70% --- 1ST LINE OF DEFENSE!! **If Neutrophils are low, place pt in precautions if they have an infection** |
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NURSING DIAGNOSIS |
RISK FOR INFECTION IMBLANCED NUTRITION IMPAIRED ORAL MUCOUS MEMBRANE RISK FOR IMPAIRED SKIN INTEGRITY IMPAIRED TISSUE INTEGIRY |
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PLANNING/ GOALS |
PREVENT EXPOSURE TO INFECTIOUS ORANISMS CONTROL OR REDUCE THE INFECTION MAINTAIN RESISTANCE TO INFECTION EDUCATE PATIENT ON INFECTION |
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TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATION... |
NSAIDS HEAT/ COLD THERAPY-- MUST HAVE MD ORDER!! |
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HEAT THERAPY |
WARM COMPRESS WARM SOAKS SITZ BATH HOT PACK AQUATHERMIA PADS (K PAD) |
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EFFECTS OF HEAT THERAPY |
PROMOTES HEALING INCREASED TISSUE METABOLISM INCREASED CAP PERMEABILITY LESS MUSCLE DISCOMFORT |
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COLD THERAPY |
COLD PACKS, ICE BAGS COLD COMPRESSES POLAR CARE UNITS |
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EFFECTS OF COLD THERAPY
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CONTROLS BLEEDING DECREASES EDEMA RELIEVES PAIN |
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SAFTEY PRECAUTIONS FOR HEAT/ COLD THERAPY... |
DO NOT USE ON DEEP CUT OR WOUNDS 20 MINUTES ON, 20 MINUTES OFF USE ON CONFUSED PATIENTS WITH CAUTION |
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TREATMENT: ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS |
NSAIDS SUCH AS: TORADOL... MODERATE TO SEVERE ACUTE PAIN DO NOT USE LONGER THAN 5 DAYS ADVERSE EFFECTS ON KIDNEYS & GI TRACT |
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TREATMENT: STEROIDS |
Glucocorticoids: All routes EXCEPT subQ Used for COPD/ Asthma |
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ADVERSE EFFECTS OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS |
POTENT EFFECT ON ALL BODY SYSTEMS **MOON FACE... WEIGHT GAIN** |
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INTERVENTIONS FOR GLUCOCORTICOIDS |
RINSE MOUTH TO AVOID FINGAL INFECTION SUDDEN DISCONTINUATION OF DRUG CAN LEAD TO ADRENAL CRISIS TAPER DOSE BEFORE TAKING OFF COMPLETELY |
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NEUTROPENIC PRECAUTIONS (Reverse Isolation) |
IF NEUTROPHILS ARE <1000, PLACE PATIENT IN NEUTROPENIC PRECAUTIONS NO FLOWER OF PLANTS FOOD SHOULD BE FROM NEWLY OPENED PACKAGES WEAR GOWN, GLOVES, MASK |
