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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Def
An invasion of body tissue by pathogenic (disease producing) microorganisms which proliferate and can cause damage to the tissue and possible loss of function (local, cellular injury, secreation of toxin, or antigen-antibody reaction in the host) |
Infection
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Def
A condition of abnormal function involving any structure, part, od system of organism |
Disease
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Def
The process by which strains of microorganisms may grow and multiply, but do not cause disease (resident flora) |
Colonization
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Etiology or Cause of infection (4)
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Bacteria
Virus Fungi Parasites |
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Def
Aquired during delivery of health care (2 names) |
Health Care- Associated Infection (new term)
nosocomial |
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most common site of Health Care Associated Infections
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Urinary Tract
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most common organisms of Health Care Associated Infections
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E. coli
S. aureus enterococci |
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Contributing Factors of Health Care Acquired Infections (4)
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*Insufficent Handwashing *Major cause
*Iatrogenic *Compromised host defenses (decreased immunity) * Contaminated Equiptment |
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Def
person gets infection for themselves |
endogenous
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Def
infection comes from outside source |
exogenous
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MRSA
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methicillin resistant staph aureus
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VRSA
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vancomycin resistant staph aureus
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PRSP
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penicillin resistant streptococcal pneumonia
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MDRTB
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multi-drug resistant TB
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SECONDARY INFECTIONS, USUALLY CAUSED BY AN OPPORTUNISTIC ORGANISIM
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SUPRAINFECTIONS
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Infection susceptibility is influenced by? (12)
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AGE (newborn, elderly)
Heredity Stress Nutritional Status Immunization Status Personal Habits Medical Treatments/Therapies Pre-existing disease Recent illness/Surgery Cultural Practices Environmental factors |
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Nonespecific Host Defenses
(4) |
#1 Defense SKIN
Protective mechanisms (cilia) Inflammatory Response Fever |
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Specific Host Defenses (1)
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Immune System
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Type of immunity that involves B cell lymphocytes, also called humoral, circulating, acquired
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Antibody Mediated
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the host produces its own antibodies (Active or Passive)
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Active
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What type of immunity? Person is exposed to antigen- and infection sometime in life and produces their own antibodies.
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Antibodie mediated, Active,
Natural |
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What type of immunity? Person is given antigens via vaccine and produce their own antibodies
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Antibody mediated, Active, Artificial
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Host recieves antibodies from a different host. Active or Passive
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Passive
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What type of immunity?
The host recieves antibodies from nursing mother |
Antibody mediated,passive, natural
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What type of immunity?
Person is given an injection of an immune serum that contains antibodies |
Antiboady mediated, passive, artificial
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What type of immunity that involves the T cell lymphocytes, also called cellular
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Cell Mediated
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T/F
Cell Mediated immunity cannot be given? |
True
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T/F
Malnutrician cannot cause decrease in cell mediated immunity |
False
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What type of immunity? Body is defenseless, immunodeficient, immunocompromised
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Cell Mediated
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5 cardinal signs the body is responding to a local infection
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--Hyperemia (redness)
--Edema (swelling) --Heat --Pain --Impaired or Loss of Function Open wounds may also include exudate (drainage) |
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5 cardinal signs the body is responding to a systemic infection
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--Fever
--Increased pulse and respiratory rate if fever is high --Malaise (feeling of weakness, discomfort) --Anorexia (loss of appetite), Nausea, Vomiting --Lymphadenopathy-enlarged, tender lymph nodes |
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Laboratoy data that indicates an infection is present
(3) |
Increased WBC
Elevated Erythocyte Sed Rate Positive Culture |
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Normal measurement of WBC in a healthy person
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4,500-11,000 per ml
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4 Stages of the Infectious Process
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Incubation Period
Prodromal Period Illness Period (acute phase) Convalescent Period |
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Stage if Infectious process that person is most capable of spreading disease to others
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Prodromial Period
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Which Infectious Process Stage?
1.period between invasion of the microorganism and before the first visible sign of disease 2.varies with the illness |
Incubation Period
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Which Infectious Process Stage?
1.characterized by nonspecific feelings of discomfort, feelings that illness is about to occur (malise), low grade fever, fatigue 2.**client is most capable of spreading disease to others 3.short duration of time |
Prodromal Period
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Which Infectious Process Stage?
1. marked by signs and symptoms that are specific to the type of infection (strep throat manifested by sore throat, mumps by earache, parotid and salivary gland swelling 2. fever is often present |
Illness Period (Acute Phase)
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Which Infectious Process Stage?
1. acute symptoms of infection disappear 2. recovery occurs 3. duration may be longer than expected |
Convalescent Period
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International Organization that Prevents Infection
Immunizations required before/after travel- set by countries |
WHO
(World Health Organization) |
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Two National Organizations that restrict food transportation and pollution control- water air environment
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CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention)
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) |
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Community based organizations that help prevent the spread of disease
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State and city Health Departments
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It is the individuals responsibility to practice good hygiene, nutriction, excercising, adequate sleep and maintaining current immunization status. True/Fales
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True
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Six Links of that chain of infection
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Etiologice agent
Reservior (source) Portal of exit from reservoir Method of Transmission .. |
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What type of immunity that involves the T cell lymphocytes, also called cellular
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Cell Mediated
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T/F
Cell Mediated immunity cannot be given? |
True
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T/F
Malnutrician cannot cause decrease in cell mediated immunity |
False
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What type of immunity? Body is defenseless, immunodeficient, immunocompromised
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Cell Mediated
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5 cardinal signs the body is responding to a local infection
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--Hyperemia (redness)
--Edema (swelling) --Heat --Pain --Impaired or Loss of Function Open wounds may also include exudate (drainage) |
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5 cardinal signs the body is responding to a systemic infection
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--Fever
--Increased pulse and respiratory rate if fever is high --Malaise (feeling of weakness, discomfort) --Anorexia (loss of appetite), Nausea, Vomiting --Lymphadenopathy-enlarged, tender lymph nodes |
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Laboratoy data that indicates an infection is present
(3) |
Increased WBC
Elevated Erythocyte Sed Rate Positive Culture |
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Normal measurement of WBC in a healthy person
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4,500-11,000 per ml
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4 Stages of the Infectious Process
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Incubation Period
Prodromal Period Illness Period (acute phase) Convalescent Period |
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Stage if Infectious process that person is most capable of spreading disease to others
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Prodromial Period
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1. acute symptoms of infection disappear
2. recovery occurs 3. duration may be longer than expected |
Convalescent Period
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1. marked by signs and symptoms that are specific to the type of infection
(strep throat manifested by sore throat, mumps by earache, parotid and salivary gland swelling 2. fever is often present |
Illness Period (Acute Phase)
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1. characterized by nonspecific feelings of discomfort, feelings that illness is about to occur (malise), low grade fever, fatigue
2. **client is most capable of spreading disease to others 3. short duration of time |
Prodromal Period
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1. period between invasion of the microorganism and before the first visible sigh of disease
2. varies with the illness |
Incubation Period
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Six links make up the chain of infection
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1. Etiologic agent
2. Reservoir (source 3. Portal of Exit 4. Method of transmission 5. Portal of Entry 6. Susceptible host |
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Three methods of transportation
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A Direct
B Indirect C Airborne |
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Two types of Indirect transportation
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Vehicle-borne-(contaiminated bed rails)
Vector-borne- animal or insect transports infectious agent |
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Four airborne diseases to be aware of
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TB, Rubeola, Varicella(chickenpox) SARS (severe acute respiratoy syndrome)
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what type of mask needs to be used to prevent transmission of airborne droplet less that 5 microns
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N-95 mask needs to be used by all HCP and visitors.
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what type of mask needs to be worn by a sick patient with an airborne disease
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Surgical Mask
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pertussis, mumps, rubella, meningitic, scarlet fever are examples of what mode of transmission
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Droplet
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transmission by airborne droplet larger that 5 microns
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Droplet
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what type of mask needs to be worn to prevent transmission of droplet transmission
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surgical mask
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herpes, impetigo, lice, GI organisms, RSV (respiratory syncytial virus),
MRSA, VRSA, VRE, Hepatitis A, etc. are all transmitted by what mode? |
CONTACT
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Order of application for Personal Protective Equiptment?
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Gown
Mask eyewear gloves |
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Order of removal of PPE
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gloves
eyewear mask gown |
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protects vulnerable client with weakened immune system
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Reverse Isolation
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• Self–esteem disturbances
• Sensory deprivation » boredom, inactivity, slowness of thought » daydreaming, increased sleeping, panic » anxiety, hallucination, depression » hostility, thought disorganization ARE ALL EXAMPLES OF? |
Psychological Effects of Isolation
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