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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cleaning
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Physical removal of debris. Break the cell wall. First step in sterilzation.
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Sterilization
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process by which all forms of life, including bacterial spores, are destroyed by physical or chemical means.
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Disinfection (High Level)
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inactivate spores and all forms of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Applied at different times schedules, can be either a disinfectant or a sterilant.
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Disinfection (Intermediate Level)
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inactivate all forms of microorganisms but do not destory spores.
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Disinfection (Low Level)
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inactivate vegetative bacteria and certain lipid-type virusesbut do not destroy spores, tubercle bacilli, or nonlipid viruses.
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Disinfectant
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an agent, usually a chemical, but may be a physical agent, such as x-rays or ultraviolet light, that destroys microorganisms but may not kill bacterial spores; refers to substances applied to inanimate objects.
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Ultrasonic processing
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cleaning prior to sterilization. Not a substitute for sterilization, it is only a cleaning process.
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Types of Sterilzation
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Moist heat: steam under pressure
Dry Heat Chemical Vapor |
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Tests for Sterilization
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External Chemcial Indicator
Internal Chemical Indicator Biologic Monitor |
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Steam Autoclave Advantages
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Rapid 15 mins 250 degrees F
All microorganisms, spores, and viruses are destroyed quickly and efficiently. Wide variety of materials may be treated; most economical method of sterilization. |
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Steam Autoclave Disadvantages
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May corrode carbon steel instruments if precautions are not taken. Unsuitable for oils or powders that are impervious to heat.
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Dry Heat
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60 mins at 340 degrees F. Action is oxidation. Good for materials that cannot safely be sterilized with steam under pressure.
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Critical Items
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penetrate soft tissue or bone
sterilize or disposable ex- needles, curets, explorers, probes |
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semi-critical items
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touch intact mucous membrane, oral fluids. Does not penetrate. Sterilize after each use. High level disinfection when sterilization cannot be used.
ex- Radiographic biteblock, Ultrasonic handpiece, amalgram condenser, mirror |
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non-critical items
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Do not touch mucous membranes (only contact unbroken epithelium). Cleaning and tuberculocidal intermediate-level disinfection.
ex- light handles, certain x-ray maching parts, safety eyewear |
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environmental items
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No contact with patient surfaces (or only intact skin). Cleaning and intermediate to low disinfection.
ex-counter tops, equipment surfaces, housekeeping surface |
