Infection Control

Front 1

Infection control applies to:

Back 1

all bodily fluids that people, equipment, environment come in contact with

Front 2

Nosocomial infection

Back 2

Infection contracted while hospitalized

Front 3

HAI

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Healthcare Associated Infections

Front 4

Asepsis

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Complete absence of bacteria

Front 5

Medical asepsis

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Everyday techniques to control infection
Universal Precautions
Handwashing/Rubbing most important

Front 6

Surgical asepsis

Back 6

Sterilization of all items that come in contact
Includes donning protective clothing

Front 7

Pathogen

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Any living animal or plant that can cause disease

Front 8

Contamination/Infection Cycle

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1. host or reservoir
2. method or exit from reservoir
3. Vehicle or method of transmission
4. Method of entry to new host
5. Susceptible host

Front 9

Hosts for organisms (3)

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animals
humans
surfaces

Front 10

Hospitable environments for microorganisms

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dark, warm, moist

Front 11

Hostile environments for microorganisms

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light, cool, hot, dry

Front 12

Methods of exit for microorganisms

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nose, mouth, throat, eye, ear, intestinal tract, urinary tract, multiple body fluids

Front 13

Transmissions methods for microorganisms (5)

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contact, droplet, airborne, common vehicle, and vector borne (mosquitoes, etc)

Front 14

Entry methods for microorganisms

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broken skin, mucous membrane, eye, nose, genitourinary tract

Front 15

primary barrier to infection

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intact skin

Front 16

2 basic types of infection control

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1. Standard (universal) precautions
2. Transmission (Isolation) precautions

Front 17

Standard Precautions for Infection Control (6)

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1. Proper Handwashing, Rubbing
2. Gloves, protective clothing
3. Proper removal and disposal of contaminated dressing/bandages, laundry, eating utensils
4. Patient placement (private room), protective transport
5. Disposal of sharps, cleaning equipment, room & treatment areas
6. Disinfecting clinic surfaces

Front 18

Transmission Based Precautions for Infection Control: Contact Precautions (5)

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1. Hands: Wash with antiseptic soap upon leaving room
2. Gloves. Wear gloves upon entering the room
3. Gown. Wear a gown when having direct contact with the patient, environmental surfaces, or patient items. Remove before leaving the room.
4. Room. Private or cohort
5. Dedicated Equipment. Patient care items (thermometer, stethoscope, blood pressure cuff) should remain in the room. If any item must be removed, it must be disinfected or placed in a bag labeled, "biohazard"

Front 19

Transmission Based Precautions for Infection Control: Droplet Precautions (4)

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1. Hands. Wash thoroughly upon entering and leaving the room.
2. Mask. Required when working within 3 feet of the patient.
3. Room. Private
4. Patient Transport. Place a surgical mask on the patient if possible

Front 20

Transmission Based Precautions for Infection Control: Airborne Precautions (4)

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1. Hands. Wash thoroughly upon entering and leaving the room.
2. Mask. An N-95 respirator (dust/mist respirator) must be worn when entering the room. It must fit snugly around the nose and face. discard the mask upon leaving the room.
3. Room. Private room with negative air flow. Dust must remain closed.
4. Patient Transport. Place surgical mask on the patient if possible.

Front 21

Patient Safety Incident procedures

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1. Do not leave patient alone. Prevent further injury. Get help as possible before or after emergency tx.
2. DOCUMENT
3. Do not discuss or admit negligence
4. Notify supervisor and file incident report

Front 22

Procedure for Hand Rubbing (4)

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1. Remove jewelry
2. Apply cleansing agent
3. Rub hands:
4. For at least 15 sec.

Front 23

Procedure for Hand Washing for Medical Asepsis (8)

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1. Remove jewelry (remember sink, soap dispenser, and towel container are considered to be contaminated)
2. Turn on water to warm temp, avoid cold or hot
3. Wet wrists and hands, hands directed downward
4. Apply soap
5. Wash up to 30 seconds
- Lather and scrub palms together
- Interlace fingers, scrub between and around each finger, wash web space
- Scrub dorsum of each hand with opposite palm
- Scrub fingertips and dorsal finger creases of each hand with opposite palm
- Encircle each thumb and wrist to the fingers
- Rinse, fingers downward
7. Dry, allow water to flow
8. Discard towels used to dry hands, use a clean towel to turn off faucet, discard