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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the chain of infection? |
The process of infection spreading through different methods of transmission |
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Name two viral infections |
Parvovirus Canine influenza |
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What is the difference between a eukaryotic and a prokaryotic cell? |
Eukaryotic cell has a nucleus bound membrane. |
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What can a fomite also be known as? |
Mechanical vector |
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What does HAI stand for? |
Hospital acquired infection |
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What does TST stand for?? |
Time steam temperature |
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What is an example of a sterilising gas? |
Ethylene oxide |
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A suffix for a chemical which will kill a particular organism type? |
Septic |
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What is an example of a presentation which is not a nosocomial infection? |
Idiopathic peritonitis |
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What is a nosocomial infection? |
An infection acquired from a certain located such as a hospital |
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What is disinfection? |
The removal of micro-organisms but not necessarily spores |
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Examples of microorganisms?? |
Something too small to be seen with the naked eye - bacteria, Protozoa, algae |
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What is an endogenous infection? |
A disease arising from an infectious agent already present but previously asymptomatic |
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What is an exogenous infection? |
A pathogen entering a patients body from the environment - through a contaminated device |
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What are the different kinds of infectious agents? |
Viruses Bacteria Fungi/spores Protozoa Prions Parasites |
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What is a pathogen? |
Microorganisms which cause disease - general parasites that live in host and interfere with metabolism |
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What is a commensal? |
A microorganism naturally present feeding from the host causing no harm |
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What is a mutualistic? |
Microorganisms which benefit the host and parasite. For example microorganisms in the gut to help digestion |
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Two types of transmission? |
Direct & indirect |
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Examples of indirect transmission? |
Mechanical vectors (fomites) Biological vectors Horizontal transmission Vertical transmission |
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What is a biological vector? |
Parasites - fleas, ticks, round worm |
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What routes do infectious agents enter the body? |
Ingestion Inhalation Transdermal Mucous membranes Congenital Venereal |
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Examples of zoonotic disease? |
Salmonella, TB, toxoplasmosis, psittacosis, leptospirosis |
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What is a closed carrier? |
Carries disease causing microorganisms without shedding into environment |
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What is an open carrier? |
Continuously sheds pathogens into the environment |
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What is a convalescent carrier? |
An animal recovering from clinical disease that sheds a large number of pathogens for variable periods |
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What are the types of bacteria? |
Cocci & bacilli |
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What are different examples of bacteria? |
Tetanus Pyoderma Salmonella Leptospirosis Campylobacter Psittacosis Pasturella |
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What do viruses do? |
Viruses can only attach to cells that carry a specific receptor Replicate by invading host cells and directing them to making new viruses Host cell ruptures releasing new virus cells |
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Examples of fungi? |
Yeasts (unicellular) or moulds (multicellular) |
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What does fungi do? |
Reproduce by releasing tiny spores which terminate and grow into a new fungus |
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What are Protozoa? |
Small parasites which cannot photosynthesise. Most are harmless parasites or commensals but have potential to cause disease. Most common types are coccidiosis (rabbits), toxoplasmosis (cats), giardia(dogs) |
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What are prions? |
Infectious, colony-forming protein particles which do not contain nucleic acid. Resistant to UV so can still produce in certain environments |
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Ways we can prevent and control disease? |
Disinfectants Isolation Quarantine Sterilisation Barrier nursing Ventilation Education Prophylactic |
