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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Communicable Diseases |
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What are pathogens? |
Micoorganisms that enter the body and cause disease |
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What are bacteria? |
Very small cells that reproduce rapidly in the body. They produce toxins that damage your cells and tissue. |
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What are viruses and how do they reproduce? |
They're not cells. They're tiny. They reproduce rapidly in the body using the cell's machinery to copy themselves. |
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What are protists? |
Single-celled eukaryotes. There are many different types but some are parasites. |
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How can pathogens spread? |
1. (Dirty) Water - Cholera 2. Air - Influenza spread via droplets in air 3. Direct Contact - Athlete's foot spread via contact with stuff infected has touched |
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Viral and Fungal Diseases |
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How are measles spread & the results of it? |
Spread via droplets from an infected sneeze/cough. Can develop red skin rash and fever-like symptoms. If there are complications it can lead to pneumonia or encephalitis. Most people are vaccinated against this. |
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How is HIV spread & what are the results of it? |
HIV is a virus spread by sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids.
HIV causes flu-like symptoms initially but then the person doesnt experience any symptoms for a few years. At this point HIV can be controlled with antiretroviral drugs.
Attacks the immune system and if the immune system is badly damage its known as AIDS. |
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How is TMV Spread & What Are the Results of It? |
Virus that affects plants (e.g. tomatoes) Causes discoloration of leaves and a mosaic pattern. Causing photosynthesis to not be able to carried out well. Stunting growth. |
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Protist and Bacterial Diseases |
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What is an example of a Protist disease? |
Malaria |
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What are two examples of bacterial diseases? |
- Salmonella - Gonorrhea |
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How is Malaria spread & what are the affects? |
Malaria is spread by vectors (mosquitoes.) They pick up the malarial protist from infected animals.
Causes repeated episodes of fever. People can be protected by insecticides and mosquitoe nets. |
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How do we prevent disease? |
1. Being Hygienic 2. Destroy Vectors 3. Isolate infected individuals 4. Vaccination |
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How does the immune system attack pathogens? |
1. Consuming them 2. Producing Antibodies 3. Producing Antitoxins |
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Developing Drugs |
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What are the 3 main stages in Drug Testing? |
1. Preclinical Testing - Drugs are tested on human cells and tissues in the lab 2. Testing on live animals - Tests efficency and best dosage 3. Clinical Trial - Finds optinun dosage and comparision between control (placebo.) |
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Monoclonal Antibodies |
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How are monoclonal antibodies produced? |
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