Infants, Children And Adolecents, 6Th Ed. Laura E. Burk

Front 1

allele (p. 56)

Back 1

each of the two forms of a gene located at the same place on the autosomes.

Front 2

autosomes (p. 54)

Back 2

the 22 matching chromosome pairs in each human cell.

Front 3

behavioral genetics (P. 83)

Back 3

a field devoted to uncovering the contributions of nature and nuture to the diversity in human traits and abilities.

Front 4

canalization (p. 86)

Back 4

the tendency of heredity to restrict the development of some characteristics to just one or a few outcomes.

Front 5

carrier (p. 56)

Back 5

a heterozygous individual who can pass a recessive gene to his or her children.

Front 6

chromosomes (p. 52)

Back 6

rodlike structures in the cell nucleaus that store and transmit genetic information.

Front 7

collectivist societies (p. 77)

Back 7

societies in which people define themselves as part of a group and stress group over individual goals. Distinguished from "individualistic societies".

Front 8

concordance rate (p. 84)

Back 8

the percentage of instances in which both members of a twin pair show a trait when it is present in one pair member, used to study the contribution of heredity to emotional and behavior disorders.

Front 9

crossing over (p. 53)

Back 9

during meiosis, the exchange of genes between chromosomes next to each other.

Front 10

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (p. 52)

Back 10

long, double-stranded molecules that make up chromosomes.

Front 11

dominant-recessive inheritance (p. 56)

Back 11

a pattern of inheritance in which, under heterozygous conditions, the influence of only one allele is apparent.

Front 12

epigenesis (p. 88)

Back 12

development of the individual resulting from ongoing, bidirectional exchanges between heredity and all levels of the environment.

Front 13

extended-family household (p. 77)

Back 13

a household in which parent and child live with one or more adult relatives.

Front 14

faternal, or dizygotic, twins (p. 55)

Back 14

twins resulting from the release and fertilization of two ova. They are genetically no more alike than ordinary siblings. Distinguished from "identical, or monozygotic, twins"

Front 15

gametes (p. 53)

Back 15

human sperm and ova, which contain half as many chromosomes as regular body cells.

Front 16

gene (p. 52)

Back 16

a segment of DNA molecule that contains hereditary instructions.

Front 17

genetic counseling (p. 63)

Back 17

a communication process designed to help couples assess their chances of giving birth to a baby with a hereditary disorder and choose the best course of action in view of risks and family goals.

Front 18

genetic-environmental correlation (p. 86)

Back 18

the idea that heredity influences the environments to which individuals are exposed.

Front 19

genetic imprinting (p. 59)

Back 19

a pattern of inheritance in which alleles are imprinted, or chemically marked, in such a way that one pair member is activated, regardless of its makeup.

Front 20

genotype (p. 51)

Back 20

an individual's genetic makeup.

Front 21

heritability estimate (p. 83)

Back 21

a statistic that measures the extent to which individual differences in complex traits in a specific population are due to genetic factors.

Front 22

heterozygous (p. 56)

Back 22

having two different alleles at the same place on a pair of chromosomes. Distinguished from "homozygous".

Front 23

identical, or monozygotic, twins (p. 55)

Back 23

twins that result when a zygote, during the early stages of cell duplication, divides in two. They have the same genetic makeup. Distinguished from "faternal, or dizygotic, twins"

Front 24

incomplete dominance (p. 57)

Back 24

a pattern of inheritance in which both alleles are expressed in the phenotype, resulting in a combined trait, or one that is intermediate between the two.

Front 25

individualistic societies (p. 77)

Back 25

societies in which people think of themselves as separate intities and are largely concerned with thier own personal needs. Distinguished from "collectivist societies".

Front 26

kinship studies (p. 83)

Back 26

studies comparing the characteristics of family members to determine the importance of heredity in complex human charateristics.

Front 27

meiosis (p. 53)

Back 27

the process of cell division through which the number of chromosomes in each cell is halved.

Front 28

mitosis (p. 52)

Back 28

the process of cell duplication, in which each new cell receives an exact copy of the original chromosomes.

Front 29

modifier genes (p. 56)

Back 29

genes that can enhance or dilute the effects of other genes.

Front 30

mutations (p. 61)

Back 30

a sudden but permanent change in a segment of DNA.

Front 31

niche-picking (p. 87)

Back 31

a type of genetic-environmental correlation in which individuals actively choose environments that complement their heredity.

Front 32

phenotype (p. 51)

Back 32

the individual's physical and behavioral characteristics, which are determined by both genetic and environmental factors.

Front 33

polygenic inheritance (p. 61)

Back 33

a pattern of inheritance in which many genes affect the characteristic in question.

Front 34

prenatal diagnostic methods (p. 63)

Back 34

medical procedures that permit detection of development problems before birth.

Front 35

public policies (p. 79)

Back 35

laws and government programs designed to improve current conditions.

Front 36

range of reaction (p.85)

Back 36

each person's unique, genetically determined response to range of environmental conditions.

Front 37

sex chromosomes (p. 54)

Back 37

the twenty-third pair of chromosomes, which determines the sex of child-in females, called XX: in males, called XY.

Front 38

socioeconomic status (SES) (p. 71)

Back 38

a measure of a family's social position and economic well-being that combines three related variables; years of education, the prestige of and skill required by one's job, and income.

Front 39

subculture (p. 77)

Back 39

a group of people with beliefs and customs that differ from those of the larger culture.

Front 40

X-linked inheritance (p. 57)

Back 40

a pattern of inheritance in which a recessive gene is carried on the X chromosome, so that males are more likely to be affected.

Front 41

zygotes (p. 53)

Back 41

the newly fertilized cell formed by the union of sperm and ovum at conception.