Infant And Child Chapter 4 And 5

Front 1

Stage one of Childbirth

Back 1

longest, lasting an average of 12 to 14 hours with later births. Dilation and effacement of the cervix take place.

Front 2

Stage two of Childbirth

Back 2

Lasts about 50 minutes and consists of the delivery of the baby

Front 3

Stage three of Childbirth

Back 3

Brings labor to an end, a few final contractions and pushes causes the placenta to seperate from the wall of the uterus and be delivered in about 5 to 10 minutes.

Front 4

20 inches and 7 1/2 pounds

Back 4

The average newborn is _____ inches long and ____ pounds.

Front 5

Apgar Scale

Back 5

A rating used to assess the newborn baby's physical condition immediately after birth. Scale of 0,1,2.

Front 6

Natural or Prepared Childbirth

Back 6

An approach designed to reduce pain and medical intervention and to make childbirth a rewarding experience for parents.

Front 7

Fetal Monitoring

Back 7

Electric instruments that track that baby's heart rate during labor.

Front 8

Analgesics

Back 8

Mild pain-relieving drugs.

Front 9

Anesthetics

Back 9

Strong painkillers that block sensation.

Front 10

Forceps

Back 10

Metal clamps placed around the baby's head to pull the infant from the birth canal.

Front 11

Transitions

Back 11

Climax of the first stage of labor, in which the frequency and strength of contractions are at their peak and the cervix opens completely.

Front 12

Heart rate, respiratory effort, reflex irritability, muscle tone, and color

Back 12

Measures of the APGAR scale

Front 13

Sitting position

Back 13

Research findings favor the _____ for birthing.

Front 14

Induced labor

Back 14

A labor started artificially by breaking the amnion and giving the mother a hormone that stimulates contractions.

Front 15

Breech position

Back 15

A position of the baby in the uterus that would cause the buttocks or feet to be delivered first.

Front 16

C-Section

Back 16

A surgical delivery in which the doctor makes an incision in the mother's abdomen and lifts the baby out of the uterus.

Front 17

Anoxia

Back 17

Inadequate supply of oxygen

Front 18

Oxygen deprivation

Back 18

Research suggests that the greater the _____ ______, the poorer children's cognitive and language skills in early and middle childhood.

Front 19

Preterm Infants

Back 19

Infants born several weeks or more before their due dates.

Front 20

Small-for-date infants

Back 20

Infants whose birth weight is below normal when length of the pregnancy is taken into account.

Front 21

Bonding

Back 21

Parents' feelings of affection and concern for the newborn baby.

Front 22

Rooming In

Back 22

An arrangement in which the newborn baby stays in the mother's hospital room all or most of the time

Front 23

Reflex

Back 23

An inborn, automatic response to a particular form of stimulation

Front 24

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Back 24

The unexpected death, usually during the night, of an infant younger that 1 year of age that remains unexplained after thorough investigation.

Front 25

32

Back 25

By the end of the first year a typical infant's height is _____ inches.

Front 26

Myelination

Back 26

A process in which neural fibers are coated with an insulating fatty sheath, myelin, that improves the efficiency of message transfer.

Front 27

Cerebral Cortex

Back 27

The largest, most complex structure of the human brain, responsible for the highly developed intelligence of the human species.

Front 28

-Provides the correct balance of fat and protein
-Ensures nutritional completeness
-Helps insure physical growth
-Protects against many diseases
-Protects against faulty jaw development and tooth decay
-Ensures digestibility
-Smooths the transition to solid foods

Back 28

Reasons to Breastfeed

Front 29

Marasmus

Back 29

A disease usually appearing in the first year of life, cause by a diet low in all essential nutrients, that leads to a wasted condition of the body.

Front 30

Kwashiorkor

Back 30

A disease caused by a diet low in protein that usually appears after weaning, with symptoms including an enlarged belly, swollen feet, hair loss, skin rash, and irritable behavior

Front 31

Habituation

Back 31

A gradual reduction in the strength of a response as a results of repetitive stimulation

Front 32

Recovery

Back 32

Following habituation, an increase in responsiveness to a new stimulation.

Front 33

Imitation

Back 33

Learning by copying the behavior of another person.

Front 34

Gross Motor Development

Back 34

Refers to control over actions that help infants get around in the environment, such as crawling, standing, and walking

Front 35

Fine Motor Development

Back 35

Has to do with smaller movements, such as reaching and grasping.

Front 36

Cephalocaudal Trend

Back 36

Motor control of the head comes before control of the arms and trunk, which comes before the legs.

Front 37

Proximodisal Trend

Back 37

Head, trunk, and arm control precedes coordination of the hands and fingers

Front 38

Dynamic Systems Theory of Motor Development

Back 38

A theory that views new motor skills as reorganizations of previously mastered skills, which lead to more effective ways of exploring and controlling the environment. Each new skill is a joint product of central nervous system development

Front 39

Prereaching

Back 39

The poorly coordinated, primitive reaching movements of newborn babies.

Front 40

Ulnar Grasp

Back 40

The clumsy grasp of the young infant, in which the fingers close against the palm.

Front 41

Pincer Grasp

Back 41

The well-coordinated grasp that emerges at the end of the first year, involving thumb and index finger opposition.

Front 42

Depth Perception

Back 42

Is the ability to judge the distance of objects from one another and from ourselves

Front 43

Contrast Sensitivity

Back 43

A general principle accounting for early pattern preferences, which states that if babies can detect a difference between two or more patterns, they will prefer the one with more contrast