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159 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Itraconazole
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Azole-Inhibit fungal CYP450-Antifungal - PO
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Miconazole
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Azole-Inhibit fungal CYP450-Antifungal - IV & topical
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Cidofovir
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Inh DNA polymerase (activated by HOST kinases to diphosphate form) - R CMV, Acyclo R HSV & VZV
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Chloroquine
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Inhib malarial heme polymerase - P. malaria & non-R P. falciparum - vivax & ovale will relapse (use primaquine)
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Niclosamide
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Activate ATPase or uncouple ox phos - Tapeworm (flatworm) - Flat like a nickle!
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Acyclovir
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Guanosine analog-activated by viral kinases (2nd & 3rd phosphorylation by host kinases) - *HSV1&2, severe VSV, EBV (oral hairy leukoplakia)
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Terbinafine
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Inh squalene epoxidase - ↑ squalene kills fungus - DOC Fungal nail INF PO - PO&top for tinea
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Stavudine
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NRTI - Nucleoside analog phosphorylated to ZTP that inhib viral RT
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Rimantadine
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Prevents viral uncoating @ flu A M2 proton channel - PRO Flu A (esp in elderly)- NOT flu B!!!!!
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Vidarabine
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Inh viral DNA polymerase - Herpes keratitis
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Lopinavir
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HIV PI - Prevents cleavage of the two polyprotein products of HIV mRNA (Virions cannot mature)
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Voriconazole
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Azole-Inhibit fungal CYP450-Antifungal - PO & IV
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Montelukase
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LTD4 receptor blocker - chronic maintenance therapy for Asthma
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Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine
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DiHfolate reductase I - selective for malarial & toxoplasmodial DHFR - chloroquine R malaria
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Praziquantel
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↑ Ca perm=tetanic contractions/death - Flukes (fluke to have q&z in a word!)
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Valacyclovir
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Precursor to Acyclovir c ↑ Bioavail. - *HSV1&2, severe VSV, EBV (hairy leukoplakia)
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Nystatin
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↑ memb permiability (afinity for fungal ergosterol) - Antifungal - PO (but not absorbed for oral candidiasis) & topical
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Permethrin
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DOC lice!
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Saquinavir
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HIV PI - Prevents cleavage of the two polyprotein products of HIV mRNA (Virions cannot mature)
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Mebendazole
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Pinworm INF (Enterobius) - Inhibits microtubule synth
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Revirapine
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NNRTI - NOT a nucleoside! Binds directly to HIV RT
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Alendazole
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Well absorbed GI - Roundworm (Echinococcus) & neurocysticercosis - Inhibits microtubule synth
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Cromolyn Sodium
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Alters Cl channels to stabilize mast cell/eosinophil membrane & prevent egranulation - Bronchial Asthma PRO
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Ivermectin
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↑ GABA neuroxmission->death, threadworm & roundworm
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Zileuton
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5-lipoxygenase inhibitor to prevent LT formation - Asthma
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Griseofulvin
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Inhibit mitotic spindle formation - PO antifungal - DOC ringworm (tinea)
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Lamivudine
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NRTI - Nucleoside analog phosphorylated to ZTP that inhib viral RT
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Ritonavir
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HIV PI - Prevents cleavage of the two polyprotein products of HIV mRNA (Virions cannot mature)
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Pyrantel Pamoate
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ACh (neuromuscular) blockade - Pin (Enterobius) & roundworm (Echinococcus)
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Zafirlukast
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LTD4 receptor blocker - chronic maintenance therapy for Asthma
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Mefloquine
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Inhib malarial heme polymerase - *R P. falciparum - vivax & ovale will relapse (use primaquine)
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Zidovudine
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NRTI - Nucleoside analog phosphorylated to ZTP that inhib viral RT
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Tenofovir
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NRTI combination
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Efavirenz
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NNRTI - NOT a nucleoside! Binds directly to HIV RT
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Primaquine
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Liver stages P vivax & ovale (use c blood schizonticide like chloroquine)
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Foscarnet
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Directly inhibits viral DNA polymerase - R CMV & HSV - Dose related nephrotox!
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Amphotericin B
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↑ memb permiability (afinity for fungal ergosterol) - Antifungal - IV & topical
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Clotrimazole
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Azole-Inhibit fungal CYP450-Antifungal - Oral troche & topical
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Metronidazole
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cidal anaero (B. fragilis!) - DOC C. diff collitis - Giard, amebiasis, trich - No EtOH, monitor AST/ALT
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Fomivirisen
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antisense oligonuc binds to mRNA and blocks translation to protein - CMV retinitis
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Fluconazole
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Azole-Inhibit fungal CYP450-Antifungal - PRO vaginal candidiasis c Abx use
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Abacavir
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NRTI - Nucleoside analog phosphorylated to ZTP that inhib viral RT
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Amikacin
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Aminoglyco - cidal @ 30s - Serious G- INF, synergy c Vanc for G+, Ototox & Nephrotox!
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Amoxacillin
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Aminopenicillin PO - DOC Otitis Media
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Ampicillin
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Aminopenicillin IV - DOC Otitis Media
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Azithromycin
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Macrolide - 50s - DOC CAP (esp myco&legion) - Staph/Strep in Pt c PCN ALL
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Aztreonam
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ßL - Monobactam - cidal for G(-), NO G(+) - Rx for Pt c PCN allergy
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Benzathine Penicillin G
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Orig. IM PCN
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Cefazolin
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ßL -1st Gen Ceph - +++ G(+) (Staph/Strep) NOT Entero - Surg PRO
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Cefepime
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ßL -4th gen Ceph - xtra ßLase R - +++ G+/-
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Cefotaxime
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ßL -3rd gen Ceph - +++ G-, ++ G+, Good CSF penitration
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Cefotetan
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ßL -2nd gen Ceph - ++ G+/- & anaerobe - ABD Surg PRO
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Cefoxitin
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ßL -2nd gen Ceph - ++ G+/- & anaerobe - ABD Surg PRO
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Ceftazidime
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ßL -3rd gen Ceph - +++ G-, ++ G+, Good CSF - Only Ceph vs. Pseudo
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Ceftriaxone
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ßL -3rd gen Ceph - +++ G-, ++ G+, Good CSF penetration
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Ciprofloxacin
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Fluro - cidal (inhibits topoisomerase) - +++ G-, some G+, mycobac & atypicals, NOT c arrythmics!
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Clarithromycin
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Macrolide - 50s - DOC CAP (esp myco&legion) - Staph/Strep in Pt c PCN ALL
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Clavulanate
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Clavaulanic acid - BLase Inhibitor
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Clindamycin
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Bacteriostatic - Binds 50s - G+ and Anaerobe (not C. diff so collitis poss SE) good bone penetration - NO G-
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Cloxacillin
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Penicillinase resistant PCN
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Dicloxacillin
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Penicillinase resistant PCN
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Doxycycline
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static - Binds 30s - Rikettsia & chlamydia (+++intracellular) - cheap Rx atypical PN
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Erythromycin
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Macrolide - 50s - DOC CAP (esp myco&legion) - Staph/Strep in Pt c PCN ALL
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Gatifloxacin
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Fluro - cidal (inhibits topoisomerase) - +++ G-, better G+, mycobac & atypicals, NOT c arrythmics!
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Gemifloxacin
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Fluro - cidal (inhibits topoisomerase) - +++ G-, some G+, mycobac & atypicals, NOT c arrythmics!
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Gentamycin
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Aminoglyco - cidal @ 30s - Serious G- INF, synergy c Vanc for G+, Ototox & Nephrotox!
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Imipenem
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ßL (ßLase R)Carbapenem - BROAD spec S-MRSA & VRE (used c cilastatin aka seizurecillin) MDR pathogens & polymicrobial life threatening INF!
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Levofloxacin
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Fluro - cidal (inhibits topoisomerase) - +++ G-, some G+, mycobac & atypicals, NOT c arrythmics!
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Linezolid
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50s - high R G+ ie. MRSA & VRE
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Meropenem
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ßL (ßLase R) - Carbapenem - BROAD spec S-MRSA & VRE - MDR pathogens & polymicrobial life threatening INF!
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Minocycline
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static - Binds 30s - Rikettsia & chlamydia (+++intracellular) - cheap Rx atypical PN
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Moxifloxacin
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Fluro - cidal (inhibits topoisomerase) - +++ G-, better G+, mycobac & atypicals, NOT c arrythmics!
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Nafcillin
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Penicillinase resistant PCN
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Nitrofurantoin
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Urinary antiseptic - UTIs esp E. coli & entero - Brown urine!
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Oxacillin
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Penicillinase resistant PCN
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Penicillin G
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Orig. IV PCN
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Penicillin VK
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Orig. PO PCN
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Piperacillin
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IV PCN for Gram (-) esp. Pseudomonas (use c ßLase I)
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Procaine Penicillin G
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Orig. IM PCN
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Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
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50s - high R G+ ie. MRSA & VRE
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Sulbactam
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ßLase Inhibitor
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Tazobactam
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ßLase Inhibitor
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Tetracycline
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static - Binds 30s - Rikettsia & chlamydia (+++intracellular) - cheap Rx atypical PN
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Ticarcillin
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IV PCN for Gram (-) esp. Pseudomonas (use c ßLase I)
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Tobramycin
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Aminoglyco - cidal @ 30s - Serious G- INF, synergy c Vanc for G+, Ototox & Nephrotox!
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Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
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inhibits dihydrofolate reductase - UTIs, PCP
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Tx of TB c +PPD & neg CXR
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6-9 months daily isoniazid (INH)
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Tx of TB c +PPD & TB in sputum
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9 mo Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide (INH, RIF, PZA, EMB)
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Tx of TB in Pt c HIV taking PI and NNRTI
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9 mo Isoniazid, RIFABUTIN (NOT Rifampin), Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide
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Vancomycin
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G+ ONLY - MRSA - Serious INF in Pt c PCN ALL - 2nd line for C. diff collitis
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cefazolin (1)
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surgical prophylaxis (DOC), skin & soft tissue infections (staph. Aureus & Strep)
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cefoxitin (2)
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intra-abdominal surgery prophylaxis (anaerobes)
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cefotetan (2)
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intra-abdominal surgery prophylaxis (anaerobes)
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cefotaxime (3)
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strep pneumoniae infxns (or B-Hemolytic Strep)
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ceftriaxone (3)
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strep pneumoniae infxns (or B-Hemolytic Strep)
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ceftazidime (3)
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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cefepime (4)
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critically ill pt's, pseudomonas, gram negative meningitis
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penicilin G (i.v.)
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B-hemolytic strep (includes Grp A Strep), susceptible S. pneumoniae infxns, meningococcal meningitis (pcn G is DOC for all) ***(most S. aureus is resistant)
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penicillin VK (p.o)
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B-hemolytic strep (includes Grp A Strep), susceptible S. pneumoniae infxns, meningococcal meningitis (pcn G is DOC for all) ***(most S. aureus is resistant)
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procaine pcn G
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B-hemolytic strep (includes Grp A Strep), susceptible S. pneumoniae infxns, meningococcal meningitis (pcn G is DOC for all) ***(most S. aureus is resistant)
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benzathine pcn G
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B-hemolytic strep (includes Grp A Strep), susceptible S. pneumoniae infxns, meningococcal meningitis (pcn G is DOC for all) ***(most S. aureus is resistant)
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oxacillin (i.v.)
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soft tissue cellulitis (non-MRSA) (DOC), always better than vanc
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nafcillin (i.v.)
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soft tissue cellulitis (non-MRSA) (DOC), always better than vanc
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dicloxacillin (p.o.)
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soft tissue cellulitis (non-MRSA)
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cloxacillin (p.o.)
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soft tissue cellulitis (non-MRSA)
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ampicillin (i.v.)
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1st line for otitis media (DOC), some gram negs too (add clav for 3rd AOM)
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amoxacillin (p.o)
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1st line for otitis media (DOC), some gram negs too (add clav for 3rd AOM)
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piperacillin
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pseudomonas, systemic gram negatives (kleb., proteus, serratia)
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ticarcillin
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pseudomonas, systemic gram negatives (kleb., proteus, serratia)
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clavulanate
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give w/ piperacillin (ICU), ticarcillin (ICU), amoxicillin & ampicillin
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sulbactam
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give w/ piperacillin (ICU), ticarcillin (ICU), amoxicillin & ampicillin
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tazobactam
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give w/ piperacillin (ICU), ticarcillin (ICU), amoxicillin & ampicillin
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imipenem/cilastatin
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very broad spectrum: MultiDrug Resistant (MDR) pathogens, polymicrobial life-threatening infxn. (i.e. massive contamxns - GI explosion); Febrile neutropenics (for cancer & immunocompromised Pt's)
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meropenem
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very broad spectrum: MultiDrug Resistant (MDR) pathogens, polymicrobial life-threatening infxn. (i.e. massive contamxns - GI explosion); Febrile neutropenics (for cancer & immunocompromised Pt's)
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ertapenem
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very broad spectrum: MultiDrug Resistant (MDR) pathogens, polymicrobial life-threatening infxn. (i.e. massive contamxns - GI explosion); Febrile neutropenics (for cancer & immunocompromised Pt's)
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aztreonam (i.v.)
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aerobic gram -'s (pseudomonas)
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amikacin
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aerobic G - bacilli (GIVE HIGH DOSES) (but resistance readily develops b/c of bact. enz. activation- less w/ amik); G + : give w/ β-lactam, ceph or vanc for synergistic killing (GIVE LOW DOSES)
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gentamicin
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aerobic G - bacilli (GIVE HIGH DOSES) (but resistance readily develops b/c of bact. enz. activation- less w/ amik); G + : give w/ β-lactam, ceph or vanc for synergistic killing (GIVE LOW DOSES)
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tobramycin
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aerobic G - bacilli (GIVE HIGH DOSES) (but resistance readily develops b/c of bact. enz. activation- less w/ amik); G + : give w/ β-lactam, ceph or vanc for synergistic killing (GIVE LOW DOSES)
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ciprofloxacin
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gram + activity (not MRSA or VRE) (M>G>L>C), ~ 40% of pseudomonas (C=L>G>M), anaerobics (M=G>L=C), intracellular pathogens & other gram - (except pseudomonas), DOC for inpatient CAP & complicated UTI's (only for susceptible E. coli; ® increasing);
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levofloxacin
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gram + activity (not MRSA or VRE) (M>G>L>C), ~ 40% of pseudomonas (C=L>G>M), anaerobics (M=G>L=C), intracellular pathogens & other gram - (except pseudomonas), DOC for inpatient CAP & complicated UTI's (only for susceptible E. coli; ® increasing);
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gatifloxacin
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gram + activity (not MRSA or VRE) (M>G>L>C), ~ 40% of pseudomonas (C=L>G>M), anaerobics (M=G>L=C), intracellular pathogens & other gram - (except pseudomonas), DOC for inpatient CAP & complicated UTI's (only for susceptible E. coli; ® increasing);
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gemiflozacin
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gram + activity (not MRSA or VRE) (M>G>L>C), ~ 40% of pseudomonas (C=L>G>M), anaerobics (M=G>L=C), intracellular pathogens & other gram - (except pseudomonas), DOC for inpatient CAP & complicated UTI's (only for susceptible E. coli; ® increasing);
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moxifloxacin
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gram + activity (not MRSA or VRE) (M>G>L>C), ~ 40% of pseudomonas (C=L>G>M), anaerobics (M=G>L=C), intracellular pathogens & other gram - (except pseudomonas), DOC for inpatient CAP & complicated UTI's (only for susceptible E. coli; ® increasing);
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azithromycin
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good gram + (NO MRSA or VRE or enterococcus), out-Pt. mgmt of CAP (DOC), Legionella, M. avium, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (CAP: Community Acquired Pneumonia - Typical & Atypicals)
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erythromycin
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good gram + (NO MRSA or VRE or enterococcus), out-Pt. mgmt of CAP (DOC), Legionella, M. avium, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (CAP: Community Acquired Pneumonia - Typical & Atypicals)
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clarithromycin (p.o)
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good gram + (NO MRSA or VRE or enterococcus), out-Pt. mgmt of CAP (DOC), Legionella, M. avium, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (CAP: Community Acquired Pneumonia - Typical & Atypicals)
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clindamycin
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excellent gram + coverage (staph & strep), soft tissue infxn's, no gram - & little MSRA activity, good for pulm. anaerobes, Decrease B. fragilis suscept. (NO VRE); Plasmodium
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vancomycin (i.v.)
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MRSA (DOC), gram + organisms only, amp-resistant enterococcus, meningitis, MDR S. pneumonia infxn, 2nd line tx of pseudomemb. Colitis (C. deficile); Febrile neutropenics
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quinupristin/dalfopristin
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( - cidal: strep, most staph), (** MRSA), ( - static: Enterococcus faecium (*** VRE)), MDR gram + (great G+ coverage!)
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linezolid
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Enterococcus faceium AND faecalis, ( -static: VRE infections (DOC) & select MRSA); MDR G+ (min. G - activity)
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trim-sulfa
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Broad spectrum: S. aureus, Enterobacter, E. coli, Klebsiella; UTI's; pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients (DOC), toxoplasmosis (may help w/ MRSA in future)
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nitrofurantoin
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UTI's (not pseudomonas)
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Tetracycline HCl
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rickettsial infxns (RMSF - DOC), Lyme Disease (B. burgdorferi) DOC; **mycoplasma pneumoniae (CAP), chlamydia, acne, moderate gram + and gram - activity; Plasmodium
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doxycycline
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rickettsial infxns (RMSF - DOC), Lyme Disease (B. burgdorferi) DOC; **mycoplasma pneumoniae (CAP), chlamydia, acne, moderate gram + and gram - activity; Plasmodium
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minocycline
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used esp. for **acne
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niclosamide
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tapeworm/Cestodes (DOC) (can't get in USA)
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praziquantel
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schistosomiasis (DOC) (Flukes/Tremetodes)
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mebendazole
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Broad Coverage: roundworms tapeworms, pinworms, whipworms, hookworms
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albendazole
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mixed infections; roundworms, pinworms, whipworms, hookworms, ***cysticercosis (DOC for all these)
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pyrantel pamoate
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pinworms
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ivermectin
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threadworm
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chloroquine
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use together for malaria treatment (need both for total cure), but chloroquine is DOC
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primaquine
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use together for malaria treatment (need both for total cure), but chloroquine is DOC
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Toxoplasma (DOC)
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mefloquine
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MDR P. falicparum; DOC in Africa (lots of CQ resist.)
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PERMETRIN
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Pediculosis/Lice (see severe itch, Vagabond's disease; use 1% (wait 10 min, wash); Scabies (mites lay eggs in Epidermis; use 5% (wait 8-14 hrs b/4 wash)
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metronidazole
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amebiasis, trichomoniasis; some anaerobic coverage (bacteriocidal); pseudomembranous colitis (DOC); B. fragilis (abd. Cavity probs); C. difficile; giardiasis (from contam. H2O, daycare)
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Griseofulvin
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dermatophytes: tinea corporis (ringworm), tineal capitas (scalp ringworm); tinea cruris (jock itch), tenia pedis (athlete's foot)
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Miconazole
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candida vulvovaginitis
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Clotrimazole
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candida vulvovaginitis
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Itraconazole
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Aspergillus infxns
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Fluconazole (p.o.)
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systemic Candidia albicans infxns (but takes 48 hrs b/4 effects take place - so, not really recommened)
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terbinafine (p.o.)
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fungal nail infections - Onychomycosis (DOC); athletes foot & jock itch
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nystatin
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susceptible cutaneous, mucocutaneous & oral fungal infectxns (candidia -- i.e. thrush) (w/ swish & swallow)
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amphotericin B
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i.v. for resistant oral candidiasis or severe systemic infections (cryptococcus, aspergillus, neisseria)
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Rimantadine
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for Influenza
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Vidarabine
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herpes simplex keratitis
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acyclovir
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herpesviruses (not effective against latency - can't eradicate infxn; only infected cells affected) (Bell's Palsy); prophylaxis for CMV retinitis for Pt's w/ transplanted organs
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