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365 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cidofovir Inh DNA polymerase (activated by HOST kinases to diphosphate form) - R CMV
|
Acyclo R HSV & VZV
|
|
Acyclovir Guanosine analog-activated by viral kinases (2nd & 3rd phosphorylation by host kinases) - *HSV1&2
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severe VSV
|
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Valacyclovir Precursor to Acyclovir c ↑ Bioavail. - *HSV1&2
|
severe VSV
|
|
Ivermectin ↑ GABA neuroxmission->death
|
threadworm & roundworm
|
|
Metronidazole cidal anaero (B. fragilis!) - DOC C. diff collitis - Giard
|
amebiasis
|
|
Itraconazole
|
Azole-Inhibit fungal CYP450-Antifungal - PO
|
|
Miconazole
|
Azole-Inhibit fungal CYP450-Antifungal - IV & topical
|
|
Cidofovir
|
Inh DNA polymerase (activated by HOST kinases to diphosphate form) - R CMV, Acyclo R HSV & VZV
|
|
Chloroquine
|
Inhib malarial heme polymerase - P. malaria & non-R P. falciparum - vivax & ovale will relapse (use primaquine)
|
|
Niclosamide
|
Activate ATPase or uncouple ox phos - Tapeworm (flatworm) - Flat like a nickle!
|
|
Acyclovir
|
Guanosine analog-activated by viral kinases (2nd & 3rd phosphorylation by host kinases) - *HSV1&2, severe VSV, EBV (oral hairy leukoplakia)
|
|
Terbinafine
|
Inh squalene epoxidase - ↑ squalene kills fungus - DOC Fungal nail INF PO - PO&top for tinea
|
|
Stavudine
|
NRTI - Nucleoside analog phosphorylated to ZTP that inhib viral RT
|
|
Rimantadine
|
Prevents viral uncoating @ flu A M2 proton channel - PRO Flu A (esp in elderly)- NOT flu B!!!!!
|
|
Vidarabine
|
Inh viral DNA polymerase - Herpes keratitis
|
|
Lopinavir
|
HIV PI - Prevents cleavage of the two polyprotein products of HIV mRNA (Virions cannot mature)
|
|
Voriconazole
|
Azole-Inhibit fungal CYP450-Antifungal - PO & IV
|
|
Montelukase
|
LTD4 receptor blocker - chronic maintenance therapy for Asthma
|
|
Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine
|
DiHfolate reductase I - selective for malarial & toxoplasmodial DHFR - chloroquine R malaria
|
|
Praziquantel
|
↑ Ca perm=tetanic contractions/death - Flukes (fluke to have q&z in a word!)
|
|
Valacyclovir
|
Precursor to Acyclovir c ↑ Bioavail. - *HSV1&2, severe VSV, EBV (hairy leukoplakia)
|
|
Nystatin
|
↑ memb permiability (afinity for fungal ergosterol) - Antifungal - PO (but not absorbed for oral candidiasis) & topical
|
|
Permethrin
|
DOC lice!
|
|
Saquinavir
|
HIV PI - Prevents cleavage of the two polyprotein products of HIV mRNA (Virions cannot mature)
|
|
Mebendazole
|
Pinworm INF (Enterobius) - Inhibits microtubule synth
|
|
Revirapine
|
NNRTI - NOT a nucleoside! Binds directly to HIV RT
|
|
Alendazole
|
Well absorbed GI - Roundworm (Echinococcus) & neurocysticercosis - Inhibits microtubule synth
|
|
Cromolyn Sodium
|
Alters Cl channels to stabilize mast cell/eosinophil membrane & prevent egranulation - Bronchial Asthma PRO
|
|
Ivermectin
|
↑ GABA neuroxmission->death, threadworm & roundworm
|
|
Zileuton
|
5-lipoxygenase inhibitor to prevent LT formation - Asthma
|
|
Griseofulvin
|
Inhibit mitotic spindle formation - PO antifungal - DOC ringworm (tinea)
|
|
Lamivudine
|
NRTI - Nucleoside analog phosphorylated to ZTP that inhib viral RT
|
|
Ritonavir
|
HIV PI - Prevents cleavage of the two polyprotein products of HIV mRNA (Virions cannot mature)
|
|
Pyrantel Pamoate
|
ACh (neuromuscular) blockade - Pin (Enterobius) & roundworm (Echinococcus)
|
|
Zafirlukast
|
LTD4 receptor blocker - chronic maintenance therapy for Asthma
|
|
Mefloquine
|
Inhib malarial heme polymerase - *R P. falciparum - vivax & ovale will relapse (use primaquine)
|
|
Zidovudine
|
NRTI - Nucleoside analog phosphorylated to ZTP that inhib viral RT
|
|
Tenofovir
|
NRTI combination
|
|
Efavirenz
|
NNRTI - NOT a nucleoside! Binds directly to HIV RT
|
|
Primaquine
|
Liver stages P vivax & ovale (use c blood schizonticide like chloroquine)
|
|
Foscarnet
|
Directly inhibits viral DNA polymerase - R CMV & HSV - Dose related nephrotox!
|
|
Amphotericin B
|
↑ memb permiability (afinity for fungal ergosterol) - Antifungal - IV & topical
|
|
Clotrimazole
|
Azole-Inhibit fungal CYP450-Antifungal - Oral troche & topical
|
|
Metronidazole
|
cidal anaero (B. fragilis!) - DOC C. diff collitis - Giard, amebiasis, trich - No EtOH, monitor AST/ALT
|
|
Fomivirisen
|
antisense oligonuc binds to mRNA and blocks translation to protein - CMV retinitis
|
|
Fluconazole
|
Azole-Inhibit fungal CYP450-Antifungal - PRO vaginal candidiasis c Abx use
|
|
Abacavir
|
NRTI - Nucleoside analog phosphorylated to ZTP that inhib viral RT
|
|
Itraconazole
|
Azole-Inhibit fungal CYP450-Antifungal - PO
|
|
Miconazole
|
Azole-Inhibit fungal CYP450-Antifungal - IV & topical
|
|
Cidofovir
|
Inh DNA polymerase (activated by HOST kinases to diphosphate form) - R CMV, Acyclo R HSV & VZV
|
|
Chloroquine
|
Inhib malarial heme polymerase - P. malaria & non-R P. falciparum - vivax & ovale will relapse (use primaquine)
|
|
Niclosamide
|
Activate ATPase or uncouple ox phos - Tapeworm (flatworm) - Flat like a nickle!
|
|
Acyclovir
|
Guanosine analog-activated by viral kinases (2nd & 3rd phosphorylation by host kinases) - *HSV1&2, severe VSV, EBV (oral hairy leukoplakia)
|
|
Terbinafine
|
Inh squalene epoxidase - ↑ squalene kills fungus - DOC Fungal nail INF PO - PO&top for tinea
|
|
Stavudine
|
NRTI - Nucleoside analog phosphorylated to ZTP that inhib viral RT
|
|
Rimantadine
|
Prevents viral uncoating @ flu A M2 proton channel - PRO Flu A (esp in elderly)- NOT flu B!!!!!
|
|
Vidarabine
|
Inh viral DNA polymerase - Herpes keratitis
|
|
Lopinavir
|
HIV PI - Prevents cleavage of the two polyprotein products of HIV mRNA (Virions cannot mature)
|
|
Voriconazole
|
Azole-Inhibit fungal CYP450-Antifungal - PO & IV
|
|
Montelukase
|
LTD4 receptor blocker - chronic maintenance therapy for Asthma
|
|
Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine
|
DiHfolate reductase I - selective for malarial & toxoplasmodial DHFR - chloroquine R malaria
|
|
Praziquantel
|
↑ Ca perm=tetanic contractions/death - Flukes (fluke to have q&z in a word!)
|
|
Valacyclovir
|
Precursor to Acyclovir c ↑ Bioavail. - *HSV1&2, severe VSV, EBV (hairy leukoplakia)
|
|
Nystatin
|
↑ memb permiability (afinity for fungal ergosterol) - Antifungal - PO (but not absorbed for oral candidiasis) & topical
|
|
Permethrin
|
DOC lice!
|
|
Saquinavir
|
HIV PI - Prevents cleavage of the two polyprotein products of HIV mRNA (Virions cannot mature)
|
|
Mebendazole
|
Pinworm INF (Enterobius) - Inhibits microtubule synth
|
|
Revirapine
|
NNRTI - NOT a nucleoside! Binds directly to HIV RT
|
|
Alendazole
|
Well absorbed GI - Roundworm (Echinococcus) & neurocysticercosis - Inhibits microtubule synth
|
|
Cromolyn Sodium
|
Alters Cl channels to stabilize mast cell/eosinophil membrane & prevent egranulation - Bronchial Asthma PRO
|
|
Ivermectin
|
↑ GABA neuroxmission->death, threadworm & roundworm
|
|
Zileuton
|
5-lipoxygenase inhibitor to prevent LT formation - Asthma
|
|
Griseofulvin
|
Inhibit mitotic spindle formation - PO antifungal - DOC ringworm (tinea)
|
|
Lamivudine
|
NRTI - Nucleoside analog phosphorylated to ZTP that inhib viral RT
|
|
Ritonavir
|
HIV PI - Prevents cleavage of the two polyprotein products of HIV mRNA (Virions cannot mature)
|
|
Pyrantel Pamoate
|
ACh (neuromuscular) blockade - Pin (Enterobius) & roundworm (Echinococcus)
|
|
Zafirlukast
|
LTD4 receptor blocker - chronic maintenance therapy for Asthma
|
|
Mefloquine
|
Inhib malarial heme polymerase - *R P. falciparum - vivax & ovale will relapse (use primaquine)
|
|
Zidovudine
|
NRTI - Nucleoside analog phosphorylated to ZTP that inhib viral RT
|
|
Tenofovir
|
NRTI combination
|
|
Efavirenz
|
NNRTI - NOT a nucleoside! Binds directly to HIV RT
|
|
Primaquine
|
Liver stages P vivax & ovale (use c blood schizonticide like chloroquine)
|
|
Foscarnet
|
Directly inhibits viral DNA polymerase - R CMV & HSV - Dose related nephrotox!
|
|
Amphotericin B
|
↑ memb permiability (afinity for fungal ergosterol) - Antifungal - IV & topical
|
|
Clotrimazole
|
Azole-Inhibit fungal CYP450-Antifungal - Oral troche & topical
|
|
Metronidazole
|
cidal anaero (B. fragilis!) - DOC C. diff collitis - Giard, amebiasis, trich - No EtOH, monitor AST/ALT
|
|
Fomivirisen
|
antisense oligonuc binds to mRNA and blocks translation to protein - CMV retinitis
|
|
Fluconazole
|
Azole-Inhibit fungal CYP450-Antifungal - PRO vaginal candidiasis c Abx use
|
|
Abacavir
|
NRTI - Nucleoside analog phosphorylated to ZTP that inhib viral RT
|
|
Amikacin
|
Aminoglyco - cidal @ 30s - Serious G- INF, synergy c Vanc for G+, Ototox & Nephrotox!
|
|
Amoxacillin
|
Aminopenicillin PO - DOC Otitis Media
|
|
Ampicillin
|
Aminopenicillin IV - DOC Otitis Media
|
|
Azithromycin
|
Macrolide - 50s - DOC CAP (esp myco&legion) - Staph/Strep in Pt c PCN ALL
|
|
Aztreonam
|
ßL - Monobactam - cidal for G(-), NO G(+) - Rx for Pt c PCN allergy
|
|
Benzathine Penicillin G
|
Orig. IM PCN
|
|
Cefazolin
|
ßL -1st Gen Ceph - +++ G(+) (Staph/Strep) NOT Entero - Surg PRO
|
|
Cefepime
|
ßL -4th gen Ceph - xtra ßLase R - +++ G+/-
|
|
Cefotaxime
|
ßL -3rd gen Ceph - +++ G-, ++ G+, Good CSF penitration
|
|
Cefotetan
|
ßL -2nd gen Ceph - ++ G+/- & anaerobe - ABD Surg PRO
|
|
Cefoxitin
|
ßL -2nd gen Ceph - ++ G+/- & anaerobe - ABD Surg PRO
|
|
Ceftazidime
|
ßL -3rd gen Ceph - +++ G-, ++ G+, Good CSF - Only Ceph vs. Pseudo
|
|
Ceftriaxone
|
ßL -3rd gen Ceph - +++ G-, ++ G+, Good CSF penetration
|
|
Ciprofloxacin
|
Fluro - cidal (inhibits topoisomerase) - +++ G-, some G+, mycobac & atypicals, NOT c arrythmics!
|
|
Clarithromycin
|
Macrolide - 50s - DOC CAP (esp myco&legion) - Staph/Strep in Pt c PCN ALL
|
|
Clavulanate
|
Clavaulanic acid - BLase Inhibitor
|
|
Clindamycin
|
Bacteriostatic - Binds 50s - G+ and Anaerobe (not C. diff so collitis poss SE) good bone penetration - NO G-
|
|
Cloxacillin
|
Penicillinase resistant PCN
|
|
Dicloxacillin
|
Penicillinase resistant PCN
|
|
Doxycycline
|
static - Binds 30s - Rikettsia & chlamydia (+++intracellular) - cheap Rx atypical PN
|
|
Erythromycin
|
Macrolide - 50s - DOC CAP (esp myco&legion) - Staph/Strep in Pt c PCN ALL
|
|
Gatifloxacin
|
Fluro - cidal (inhibits topoisomerase) - +++ G-, better G+, mycobac & atypicals, NOT c arrythmics!
|
|
Gemifloxacin
|
Fluro - cidal (inhibits topoisomerase) - +++ G-, some G+, mycobac & atypicals, NOT c arrythmics!
|
|
Gentamycin
|
Aminoglyco - cidal @ 30s - Serious G- INF, synergy c Vanc for G+, Ototox & Nephrotox!
|
|
Imipenem
|
ßL (ßLase R)Carbapenem - BROAD spec S-MRSA & VRE (used c cilastatin aka seizurecillin) MDR pathogens & polymicrobial life threatening INF!
|
|
Levofloxacin
|
Fluro - cidal (inhibits topoisomerase) - +++ G-, some G+, mycobac & atypicals, NOT c arrythmics!
|
|
Linezolid
|
50s - high R G+ ie. MRSA & VRE
|
|
Meropenem
|
ßL (ßLase R) - Carbapenem - BROAD spec S-MRSA & VRE - MDR pathogens & polymicrobial life threatening INF!
|
|
Minocycline
|
static - Binds 30s - Rikettsia & chlamydia (+++intracellular) - cheap Rx atypical PN
|
|
Moxifloxacin
|
Fluro - cidal (inhibits topoisomerase) - +++ G-, better G+, mycobac & atypicals, NOT c arrythmics!
|
|
Nafcillin
|
Penicillinase resistant PCN
|
|
Nitrofurantoin
|
Urinary antiseptic - UTIs esp E. coli & entero - Brown urine!
|
|
Oxacillin
|
Penicillinase resistant PCN
|
|
Penicillin G
|
Orig. IV PCN
|
|
Penicillin VK
|
Orig. PO PCN
|
|
Piperacillin
|
IV PCN for Gram (-) esp. Pseudomonas (use c ßLase I)
|
|
Procaine Penicillin G
|
Orig. IM PCN
|
|
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
|
50s - high R G+ ie. MRSA & VRE
|
|
Sulbactam
|
ßLase Inhibitor
|
|
Tazobactam
|
ßLase Inhibitor
|
|
Tetracycline
|
static - Binds 30s - Rikettsia & chlamydia (+++intracellular) - cheap Rx atypical PN
|
|
Ticarcillin
|
IV PCN for Gram (-) esp. Pseudomonas (use c ßLase I)
|
|
Tobramycin
|
Aminoglyco - cidal @ 30s - Serious G- INF, synergy c Vanc for G+, Ototox & Nephrotox!
|
|
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
|
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase - UTIs, PCP
|
|
Tx of TB c +PPD & neg CXR
|
6-9 months daily isoniazid (INH)
|
|
Tx of TB c +PPD & TB in sputum
|
9 mo Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide (INH, RIF, PZA, EMB)
|
|
Tx of TB in Pt c HIV taking PI and NNRTI
|
9 mo Isoniazid, RIFABUTIN (NOT Rifampin), Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide
|
|
Vancomycin
|
G+ ONLY - MRSA - Serious INF in Pt c PCN ALL - 2nd line for C. diff collitis
|
|
cefazolin (1)
|
surgical prophylaxis (DOC), skin & soft tissue infections (staph. Aureus & Strep)
|
|
cefoxitin (2)
|
intra-abdominal surgery prophylaxis (anaerobes)
|
|
cefotetan (2)
|
intra-abdominal surgery prophylaxis (anaerobes)
|
|
cefotaxime (3)
|
strep pneumoniae infxns (or B-Hemolytic Strep)
|
|
ceftriaxone (3)
|
strep pneumoniae infxns (or B-Hemolytic Strep)
|
|
ceftazidime (3)
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
|
cefepime (4)
|
critically ill pt's, pseudomonas, gram negative meningitis
|
|
penicilin G (i.v.)
|
B-hemolytic strep (includes Grp A Strep), susceptible S. pneumoniae infxns, meningococcal meningitis (pcn G is DOC for all) ***(most S. aureus is resistant)
|
|
penicillin VK (p.o)
|
B-hemolytic strep (includes Grp A Strep), susceptible S. pneumoniae infxns, meningococcal meningitis (pcn G is DOC for all) ***(most S. aureus is resistant)
|
|
procaine pcn G
|
B-hemolytic strep (includes Grp A Strep), susceptible S. pneumoniae infxns, meningococcal meningitis (pcn G is DOC for all) ***(most S. aureus is resistant)
|
|
benzathine pcn G
|
B-hemolytic strep (includes Grp A Strep), susceptible S. pneumoniae infxns, meningococcal meningitis (pcn G is DOC for all) ***(most S. aureus is resistant)
|
|
oxacillin (i.v.)
|
soft tissue cellulitis (non-MRSA) (DOC), always better than vanc
|
|
nafcillin (i.v.)
|
soft tissue cellulitis (non-MRSA) (DOC), always better than vanc
|
|
dicloxacillin (p.o.)
|
soft tissue cellulitis (non-MRSA)
|
|
cloxacillin (p.o.)
|
soft tissue cellulitis (non-MRSA)
|
|
ampicillin (i.v.)
|
1st line for otitis media (DOC), some gram negs too (add clav for 3rd AOM)
|
|
amoxacillin (p.o)
|
1st line for otitis media (DOC), some gram negs too (add clav for 3rd AOM)
|
|
piperacillin
|
pseudomonas, systemic gram negatives (kleb., proteus, serratia)
|
|
ticarcillin
|
pseudomonas, systemic gram negatives (kleb., proteus, serratia)
|
|
clavulanate
|
give w/ piperacillin (ICU), ticarcillin (ICU), amoxicillin & ampicillin
|
|
sulbactam
|
give w/ piperacillin (ICU), ticarcillin (ICU), amoxicillin & ampicillin
|
|
tazobactam
|
give w/ piperacillin (ICU), ticarcillin (ICU), amoxicillin & ampicillin
|
|
imipenem/cilastatin
|
very broad spectrum: MultiDrug Resistant (MDR) pathogens, polymicrobial life-threatening infxn. (i.e. massive contamxns - GI explosion); Febrile neutropenics (for cancer & immunocompromised Pt's)
|
|
meropenem
|
very broad spectrum: MultiDrug Resistant (MDR) pathogens, polymicrobial life-threatening infxn. (i.e. massive contamxns - GI explosion); Febrile neutropenics (for cancer & immunocompromised Pt's)
|
|
ertapenem
|
very broad spectrum: MultiDrug Resistant (MDR) pathogens, polymicrobial life-threatening infxn. (i.e. massive contamxns - GI explosion); Febrile neutropenics (for cancer & immunocompromised Pt's)
|
|
aztreonam (i.v.)
|
aerobic gram -'s (pseudomonas)
|
|
amikacin
|
aerobic G - bacilli (GIVE HIGH DOSES) (but resistance readily develops b/c of bact. enz. activation- less w/ amik); G + : give w/ β-lactam, ceph or vanc for synergistic killing (GIVE LOW DOSES)
|
|
gentamicin
|
aerobic G - bacilli (GIVE HIGH DOSES) (but resistance readily develops b/c of bact. enz. activation- less w/ amik); G + : give w/ β-lactam, ceph or vanc for synergistic killing (GIVE LOW DOSES)
|
|
tobramycin
|
aerobic G - bacilli (GIVE HIGH DOSES) (but resistance readily develops b/c of bact. enz. activation- less w/ amik); G + : give w/ β-lactam, ceph or vanc for synergistic killing (GIVE LOW DOSES)
|
|
ciprofloxacin
|
gram + activity (not MRSA or VRE) (M>G>L>C), ~ 40% of pseudomonas (C=L>G>M), anaerobics (M=G>L=C), intracellular pathogens & other gram - (except pseudomonas), DOC for inpatient CAP & complicated UTI's (only for susceptible E. coli; ® increasing);
|
|
levofloxacin
|
gram + activity (not MRSA or VRE) (M>G>L>C), ~ 40% of pseudomonas (C=L>G>M), anaerobics (M=G>L=C), intracellular pathogens & other gram - (except pseudomonas), DOC for inpatient CAP & complicated UTI's (only for susceptible E. coli; ® increasing);
|
|
gatifloxacin
|
gram + activity (not MRSA or VRE) (M>G>L>C), ~ 40% of pseudomonas (C=L>G>M), anaerobics (M=G>L=C), intracellular pathogens & other gram - (except pseudomonas), DOC for inpatient CAP & complicated UTI's (only for susceptible E. coli; ® increasing);
|
|
gemiflozacin
|
gram + activity (not MRSA or VRE) (M>G>L>C), ~ 40% of pseudomonas (C=L>G>M), anaerobics (M=G>L=C), intracellular pathogens & other gram - (except pseudomonas), DOC for inpatient CAP & complicated UTI's (only for susceptible E. coli; ® increasing);
|
|
moxifloxacin
|
gram + activity (not MRSA or VRE) (M>G>L>C), ~ 40% of pseudomonas (C=L>G>M), anaerobics (M=G>L=C), intracellular pathogens & other gram - (except pseudomonas), DOC for inpatient CAP & complicated UTI's (only for susceptible E. coli; ® increasing);
|
|
azithromycin
|
good gram + (NO MRSA or VRE or enterococcus), out-Pt. mgmt of CAP (DOC), Legionella, M. avium, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (CAP: Community Acquired Pneumonia - Typical & Atypicals)
|
|
erythromycin
|
good gram + (NO MRSA or VRE or enterococcus), out-Pt. mgmt of CAP (DOC), Legionella, M. avium, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (CAP: Community Acquired Pneumonia - Typical & Atypicals)
|
|
clarithromycin (p.o)
|
good gram + (NO MRSA or VRE or enterococcus), out-Pt. mgmt of CAP (DOC), Legionella, M. avium, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (CAP: Community Acquired Pneumonia - Typical & Atypicals)
|
|
clindamycin
|
excellent gram + coverage (staph & strep), soft tissue infxn's, no gram - & little MSRA activity, good for pulm. anaerobes, Decrease B. fragilis suscept. (NO VRE); Plasmodium
|
|
vancomycin (i.v.)
|
MRSA (DOC), gram + organisms only, amp-resistant enterococcus, meningitis, MDR S. pneumonia infxn, 2nd line tx of pseudomemb. Colitis (C. deficile); Febrile neutropenics
|
|
quinupristin/dalfopristin
|
( - cidal: strep, most staph), (** MRSA), ( - static: Enterococcus faecium (*** VRE)), MDR gram + (great G+ coverage!)
|
|
linezolid
|
Enterococcus faceium AND faecalis, ( -static: VRE infections (DOC) & select MRSA); MDR G+ (min. G - activity)
|
|
trim-sulfa
|
Broad spectrum: S. aureus, Enterobacter, E. coli, Klebsiella; UTI's; pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients (DOC), toxoplasmosis (may help w/ MRSA in future)
|
|
nitrofurantoin
|
UTI's (not pseudomonas)
|
|
Tetracycline HCl
|
rickettsial infxns (RMSF - DOC), Lyme Disease (B. burgdorferi) DOC; **mycoplasma pneumoniae (CAP), chlamydia, acne, moderate gram + and gram - activity; Plasmodium
|
|
doxycycline
|
rickettsial infxns (RMSF - DOC), Lyme Disease (B. burgdorferi) DOC; **mycoplasma pneumoniae (CAP), chlamydia, acne, moderate gram + and gram - activity; Plasmodium
|
|
minocycline
|
used esp. for **acne
|
|
niclosamide
|
tapeworm/Cestodes (DOC) (can't get in USA)
|
|
praziquantel
|
schistosomiasis (DOC) (Flukes/Tremetodes)
|
|
mebendazole
|
Broad Coverage: roundworms tapeworms, pinworms, whipworms, hookworms
|
|
albendazole
|
mixed infections; roundworms, pinworms, whipworms, hookworms, ***cysticercosis (DOC for all these)
|
|
pyrantel pamoate
|
pinworms
|
|
ivermectin
|
threadworm
|
|
chloroquine
|
use together for malaria treatment (need both for total cure), but chloroquine is DOC
|
|
primaquine
|
use together for malaria treatment (need both for total cure), but chloroquine is DOC
|
|
|
Toxoplasma (DOC)
|
|
mefloquine
|
MDR P. falicparum; DOC in Africa (lots of CQ resist.)
|
|
PERMETRIN
|
Pediculosis/Lice (see severe itch, Vagabond's disease; use 1% (wait 10 min, wash); Scabies (mites lay eggs in Epidermis; use 5% (wait 8-14 hrs b/4 wash)
|
|
metronidazole
|
amebiasis, trichomoniasis; some anaerobic coverage (bacteriocidal); pseudomembranous colitis (DOC); B. fragilis (abd. Cavity probs); C. difficile; giardiasis (from contam. H2O, daycare)
|
|
Griseofulvin
|
dermatophytes: tinea corporis (ringworm), tineal capitas (scalp ringworm); tinea cruris (jock itch), tenia pedis (athlete's foot)
|
|
Miconazole
|
candida vulvovaginitis
|
|
Clotrimazole
|
candida vulvovaginitis
|
|
Itraconazole
|
Aspergillus infxns
|
|
Fluconazole (p.o.)
|
systemic Candidia albicans infxns (but takes 48 hrs b/4 effects take place - so, not really recommened)
|
|
terbinafine (p.o.)
|
fungal nail infections - Onychomycosis (DOC); athletes foot & jock itch
|
|
nystatin
|
susceptible cutaneous, mucocutaneous & oral fungal infectxns (candidia -- i.e. thrush) (w/ swish & swallow)
|
|
amphotericin B
|
i.v. for resistant oral candidiasis or severe systemic infections (cryptococcus, aspergillus, neisseria)
|
|
Rimantadine
|
for Influenza
|
|
Vidarabine
|
herpes simplex keratitis
|
|
acyclovir
|
herpesviruses (not effective against latency - can't eradicate infxn; only infected cells affected) (Bell's Palsy); prophylaxis for CMV retinitis for Pt's w/ transplanted organs
|
|
Itraconazole
|
Azole-Inhibit fungal CYP450-Antifungal - PO
|
|
Miconazole
|
Azole-Inhibit fungal CYP450-Antifungal - IV & topical
|
|
Cidofovir
|
Inh DNA polymerase (activated by HOST kinases to diphosphate form) - R CMV, Acyclo R HSV & VZV
|
|
Chloroquine
|
Inhib malarial heme polymerase - P. malaria & non-R P. falciparum - vivax & ovale will relapse (use primaquine)
|
|
Niclosamide
|
Activate ATPase or uncouple ox phos - Tapeworm (flatworm) - Flat like a nickle!
|
|
Acyclovir
|
Guanosine analog-activated by viral kinases (2nd & 3rd phosphorylation by host kinases) - *HSV1&2, severe VSV, EBV (oral hairy leukoplakia)
|
|
Terbinafine
|
Inh squalene epoxidase - ↑ squalene kills fungus - DOC Fungal nail INF PO - PO&top for tinea
|
|
Stavudine
|
NRTI - Nucleoside analog phosphorylated to ZTP that inhib viral RT
|
|
Rimantadine
|
Prevents viral uncoating @ flu A M2 proton channel - PRO Flu A (esp in elderly)- NOT flu B!!!!!
|
|
Vidarabine
|
Inh viral DNA polymerase - Herpes keratitis
|
|
Lopinavir
|
HIV PI - Prevents cleavage of the two polyprotein products of HIV mRNA (Virions cannot mature)
|
|
Voriconazole
|
Azole-Inhibit fungal CYP450-Antifungal - PO & IV
|
|
Montelukase
|
LTD4 receptor blocker - chronic maintenance therapy for Asthma
|
|
Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine
|
DiHfolate reductase I - selective for malarial & toxoplasmodial DHFR - chloroquine R malaria
|
|
Praziquantel
|
↑ Ca perm=tetanic contractions/death - Flukes (fluke to have q&z in a word!)
|
|
Valacyclovir
|
Precursor to Acyclovir c ↑ Bioavail. - *HSV1&2, severe VSV, EBV (hairy leukoplakia)
|
|
Nystatin
|
↑ memb permiability (afinity for fungal ergosterol) - Antifungal - PO (but not absorbed for oral candidiasis) & topical
|
|
Permethrin
|
DOC lice!
|
|
Saquinavir
|
HIV PI - Prevents cleavage of the two polyprotein products of HIV mRNA (Virions cannot mature)
|
|
Mebendazole
|
Pinworm INF (Enterobius) - Inhibits microtubule synth
|
|
Revirapine
|
NNRTI - NOT a nucleoside! Binds directly to HIV RT
|
|
Alendazole
|
Well absorbed GI - Roundworm (Echinococcus) & neurocysticercosis - Inhibits microtubule synth
|
|
Cromolyn Sodium
|
Alters Cl channels to stabilize mast cell/eosinophil membrane & prevent egranulation - Bronchial Asthma PRO
|
|
Ivermectin
|
↑ GABA neuroxmission->death, threadworm & roundworm
|
|
Zileuton
|
5-lipoxygenase inhibitor to prevent LT formation - Asthma
|
|
Griseofulvin
|
Inhibit mitotic spindle formation - PO antifungal - DOC ringworm (tinea)
|
|
Lamivudine
|
NRTI - Nucleoside analog phosphorylated to ZTP that inhib viral RT
|
|
Ritonavir
|
HIV PI - Prevents cleavage of the two polyprotein products of HIV mRNA (Virions cannot mature)
|
|
Pyrantel Pamoate
|
ACh (neuromuscular) blockade - Pin (Enterobius) & roundworm (Echinococcus)
|
|
Zafirlukast
|
LTD4 receptor blocker - chronic maintenance therapy for Asthma
|
|
Mefloquine
|
Inhib malarial heme polymerase - *R P. falciparum - vivax & ovale will relapse (use primaquine)
|
|
Zidovudine
|
NRTI - Nucleoside analog phosphorylated to ZTP that inhib viral RT
|
|
Tenofovir
|
NRTI combination
|
|
Efavirenz
|
NNRTI - NOT a nucleoside! Binds directly to HIV RT
|
|
Primaquine
|
Liver stages P vivax & ovale (use c blood schizonticide like chloroquine)
|
|
Foscarnet
|
Directly inhibits viral DNA polymerase - R CMV & HSV - Dose related nephrotox!
|
|
Amphotericin B
|
↑ memb permiability (afinity for fungal ergosterol) - Antifungal - IV & topical
|
|
Clotrimazole
|
Azole-Inhibit fungal CYP450-Antifungal - Oral troche & topical
|
|
Metronidazole
|
cidal anaero (B. fragilis!) - DOC C. diff collitis - Giard, amebiasis, trich - No EtOH, monitor AST/ALT
|
|
Fomivirisen
|
antisense oligonuc binds to mRNA and blocks translation to protein - CMV retinitis
|
|
Fluconazole
|
Azole-Inhibit fungal CYP450-Antifungal - PRO vaginal candidiasis c Abx use
|
|
Abacavir
|
NRTI - Nucleoside analog phosphorylated to ZTP that inhib viral RT
|
|
Amikacin
|
Aminoglyco - cidal @ 30s - Serious G- INF, synergy c Vanc for G+, Ototox & Nephrotox!
|
|
Amoxacillin
|
Aminopenicillin PO - DOC Otitis Media
|
|
Ampicillin
|
Aminopenicillin IV - DOC Otitis Media
|
|
Azithromycin
|
Macrolide - 50s - DOC CAP (esp myco&legion) - Staph/Strep in Pt c PCN ALL
|
|
Aztreonam
|
ßL - Monobactam - cidal for G(-), NO G(+) - Rx for Pt c PCN allergy
|
|
Benzathine Penicillin G
|
Orig. IM PCN
|
|
Cefazolin
|
ßL -1st Gen Ceph - +++ G(+) (Staph/Strep) NOT Entero - Surg PRO
|
|
Cefepime
|
ßL -4th gen Ceph - xtra ßLase R - +++ G+/-
|
|
Cefotaxime
|
ßL -3rd gen Ceph - +++ G-, ++ G+, Good CSF penitration
|
|
Cefotetan
|
ßL -2nd gen Ceph - ++ G+/- & anaerobe - ABD Surg PRO
|
|
Cefoxitin
|
ßL -2nd gen Ceph - ++ G+/- & anaerobe - ABD Surg PRO
|
|
Ceftazidime
|
ßL -3rd gen Ceph - +++ G-, ++ G+, Good CSF - Only Ceph vs. Pseudo
|
|
Ceftriaxone
|
ßL -3rd gen Ceph - +++ G-, ++ G+, Good CSF penetration
|
|
Ciprofloxacin
|
Fluro - cidal (inhibits topoisomerase) - +++ G-, some G+, mycobac & atypicals, NOT c arrythmics!
|
|
Clarithromycin
|
Macrolide - 50s - DOC CAP (esp myco&legion) - Staph/Strep in Pt c PCN ALL
|
|
Clavulanate
|
Clavaulanic acid - BLase Inhibitor
|
|
Clindamycin
|
Bacteriostatic - Binds 50s - G+ and Anaerobe (not C. diff so collitis poss SE) good bone penetration - NO G-
|
|
Cloxacillin
|
Penicillinase resistant PCN
|
|
Dicloxacillin
|
Penicillinase resistant PCN
|
|
Doxycycline
|
static - Binds 30s - Rikettsia & chlamydia (+++intracellular) - cheap Rx atypical PN
|
|
Erythromycin
|
Macrolide - 50s - DOC CAP (esp myco&legion) - Staph/Strep in Pt c PCN ALL
|
|
Gatifloxacin
|
Fluro - cidal (inhibits topoisomerase) - +++ G-, better G+, mycobac & atypicals, NOT c arrythmics!
|
|
Gemifloxacin
|
Fluro - cidal (inhibits topoisomerase) - +++ G-, some G+, mycobac & atypicals, NOT c arrythmics!
|
|
Gentamycin
|
Aminoglyco - cidal @ 30s - Serious G- INF, synergy c Vanc for G+, Ototox & Nephrotox!
|
|
Imipenem
|
ßL (ßLase R)Carbapenem - BROAD spec S-MRSA & VRE (used c cilastatin aka seizurecillin) MDR pathogens & polymicrobial life threatening INF!
|
|
Levofloxacin
|
Fluro - cidal (inhibits topoisomerase) - +++ G-, some G+, mycobac & atypicals, NOT c arrythmics!
|
|
Linezolid
|
50s - high R G+ ie. MRSA & VRE
|
|
Meropenem
|
ßL (ßLase R) - Carbapenem - BROAD spec S-MRSA & VRE - MDR pathogens & polymicrobial life threatening INF!
|
|
Minocycline
|
static - Binds 30s - Rikettsia & chlamydia (+++intracellular) - cheap Rx atypical PN
|
|
Moxifloxacin
|
Fluro - cidal (inhibits topoisomerase) - +++ G-, better G+, mycobac & atypicals, NOT c arrythmics!
|
|
Nafcillin
|
Penicillinase resistant PCN
|
|
Nitrofurantoin
|
Urinary antiseptic - UTIs esp E. coli & entero - Brown urine!
|
|
Oxacillin
|
Penicillinase resistant PCN
|
|
Penicillin G
|
Orig. IV PCN
|
|
Penicillin VK
|
Orig. PO PCN
|
|
Piperacillin
|
IV PCN for Gram (-) esp. Pseudomonas (use c ßLase I)
|
|
Procaine Penicillin G
|
Orig. IM PCN
|
|
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
|
50s - high R G+ ie. MRSA & VRE
|
|
Sulbactam
|
ßLase Inhibitor
|
|
Tazobactam
|
ßLase Inhibitor
|
|
Tetracycline
|
static - Binds 30s - Rikettsia & chlamydia (+++intracellular) - cheap Rx atypical PN
|
|
Ticarcillin
|
IV PCN for Gram (-) esp. Pseudomonas (use c ßLase I)
|
|
Tobramycin
|
Aminoglyco - cidal @ 30s - Serious G- INF, synergy c Vanc for G+, Ototox & Nephrotox!
|
|
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
|
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase - UTIs, PCP
|
|
Tx of TB c +PPD & neg CXR
|
6-9 months daily isoniazid (INH)
|
|
Tx of TB c +PPD & TB in sputum
|
9 mo Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide (INH, RIF, PZA, EMB)
|
|
Tx of TB in Pt c HIV taking PI and NNRTI
|
9 mo Isoniazid, RIFABUTIN (NOT Rifampin), Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide
|
|
Vancomycin
|
G+ ONLY - MRSA - Serious INF in Pt c PCN ALL - 2nd line for C. diff collitis
|
|
cefazolin (1)
|
surgical prophylaxis (DOC), skin & soft tissue infections (staph. Aureus & Strep)
|
|
cefoxitin (2)
|
intra-abdominal surgery prophylaxis (anaerobes)
|
|
cefotetan (2)
|
intra-abdominal surgery prophylaxis (anaerobes)
|
|
cefotaxime (3)
|
strep pneumoniae infxns (or B-Hemolytic Strep)
|
|
ceftriaxone (3)
|
strep pneumoniae infxns (or B-Hemolytic Strep)
|
|
ceftazidime (3)
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
|
cefepime (4)
|
critically ill pt's, pseudomonas, gram negative meningitis
|
|
penicilin G (i.v.)
|
B-hemolytic strep (includes Grp A Strep), susceptible S. pneumoniae infxns, meningococcal meningitis (pcn G is DOC for all) ***(most S. aureus is resistant)
|
|
penicillin VK (p.o)
|
B-hemolytic strep (includes Grp A Strep), susceptible S. pneumoniae infxns, meningococcal meningitis (pcn G is DOC for all) ***(most S. aureus is resistant)
|
|
procaine pcn G
|
B-hemolytic strep (includes Grp A Strep), susceptible S. pneumoniae infxns, meningococcal meningitis (pcn G is DOC for all) ***(most S. aureus is resistant)
|
|
benzathine pcn G
|
B-hemolytic strep (includes Grp A Strep), susceptible S. pneumoniae infxns, meningococcal meningitis (pcn G is DOC for all) ***(most S. aureus is resistant)
|
|
oxacillin (i.v.)
|
soft tissue cellulitis (non-MRSA) (DOC), always better than vanc
|
|
nafcillin (i.v.)
|
soft tissue cellulitis (non-MRSA) (DOC), always better than vanc
|
|
dicloxacillin (p.o.)
|
soft tissue cellulitis (non-MRSA)
|
|
cloxacillin (p.o.)
|
soft tissue cellulitis (non-MRSA)
|
|
ampicillin (i.v.)
|
1st line for otitis media (DOC), some gram negs too (add clav for 3rd AOM)
|
|
amoxacillin (p.o)
|
1st line for otitis media (DOC), some gram negs too (add clav for 3rd AOM)
|
|
piperacillin
|
pseudomonas, systemic gram negatives (kleb., proteus, serratia)
|
|
ticarcillin
|
pseudomonas, systemic gram negatives (kleb., proteus, serratia)
|
|
clavulanate
|
give w/ piperacillin (ICU), ticarcillin (ICU), amoxicillin & ampicillin
|
|
sulbactam
|
give w/ piperacillin (ICU), ticarcillin (ICU), amoxicillin & ampicillin
|
|
tazobactam
|
give w/ piperacillin (ICU), ticarcillin (ICU), amoxicillin & ampicillin
|
|
imipenem/cilastatin
|
very broad spectrum: MultiDrug Resistant (MDR) pathogens, polymicrobial life-threatening infxn. (i.e. massive contamxns - GI explosion); Febrile neutropenics (for cancer & immunocompromised Pt's)
|
|
meropenem
|
very broad spectrum: MultiDrug Resistant (MDR) pathogens, polymicrobial life-threatening infxn. (i.e. massive contamxns - GI explosion); Febrile neutropenics (for cancer & immunocompromised Pt's)
|
|
ertapenem
|
very broad spectrum: MultiDrug Resistant (MDR) pathogens, polymicrobial life-threatening infxn. (i.e. massive contamxns - GI explosion); Febrile neutropenics (for cancer & immunocompromised Pt's)
|
|
aztreonam (i.v.)
|
aerobic gram -'s (pseudomonas)
|
|
amikacin
|
aerobic G - bacilli (GIVE HIGH DOSES) (but resistance readily develops b/c of bact. enz. activation- less w/ amik); G + : give w/ β-lactam, ceph or vanc for synergistic killing (GIVE LOW DOSES)
|
|
gentamicin
|
aerobic G - bacilli (GIVE HIGH DOSES) (but resistance readily develops b/c of bact. enz. activation- less w/ amik); G + : give w/ β-lactam, ceph or vanc for synergistic killing (GIVE LOW DOSES)
|
|
tobramycin
|
aerobic G - bacilli (GIVE HIGH DOSES) (but resistance readily develops b/c of bact. enz. activation- less w/ amik); G + : give w/ β-lactam, ceph or vanc for synergistic killing (GIVE LOW DOSES)
|
|
ciprofloxacin
|
gram + activity (not MRSA or VRE) (M>G>L>C), ~ 40% of pseudomonas (C=L>G>M), anaerobics (M=G>L=C), intracellular pathogens & other gram - (except pseudomonas), DOC for inpatient CAP & complicated UTI's (only for susceptible E. coli; ® increasing);
|
|
levofloxacin
|
gram + activity (not MRSA or VRE) (M>G>L>C), ~ 40% of pseudomonas (C=L>G>M), anaerobics (M=G>L=C), intracellular pathogens & other gram - (except pseudomonas), DOC for inpatient CAP & complicated UTI's (only for susceptible E. coli; ® increasing);
|
|
gatifloxacin
|
gram + activity (not MRSA or VRE) (M>G>L>C), ~ 40% of pseudomonas (C=L>G>M), anaerobics (M=G>L=C), intracellular pathogens & other gram - (except pseudomonas), DOC for inpatient CAP & complicated UTI's (only for susceptible E. coli; ® increasing);
|
|
gemiflozacin
|
gram + activity (not MRSA or VRE) (M>G>L>C), ~ 40% of pseudomonas (C=L>G>M), anaerobics (M=G>L=C), intracellular pathogens & other gram - (except pseudomonas), DOC for inpatient CAP & complicated UTI's (only for susceptible E. coli; ® increasing);
|
|
moxifloxacin
|
gram + activity (not MRSA or VRE) (M>G>L>C), ~ 40% of pseudomonas (C=L>G>M), anaerobics (M=G>L=C), intracellular pathogens & other gram - (except pseudomonas), DOC for inpatient CAP & complicated UTI's (only for susceptible E. coli; ® increasing);
|
|
azithromycin
|
good gram + (NO MRSA or VRE or enterococcus), out-Pt. mgmt of CAP (DOC), Legionella, M. avium, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (CAP: Community Acquired Pneumonia - Typical & Atypicals)
|
|
erythromycin
|
good gram + (NO MRSA or VRE or enterococcus), out-Pt. mgmt of CAP (DOC), Legionella, M. avium, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (CAP: Community Acquired Pneumonia - Typical & Atypicals)
|
|
clarithromycin (p.o)
|
good gram + (NO MRSA or VRE or enterococcus), out-Pt. mgmt of CAP (DOC), Legionella, M. avium, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (CAP: Community Acquired Pneumonia - Typical & Atypicals)
|
|
clindamycin
|
excellent gram + coverage (staph & strep), soft tissue infxn's, no gram - & little MSRA activity, good for pulm. anaerobes, Decrease B. fragilis suscept. (NO VRE); Plasmodium
|
|
vancomycin (i.v.)
|
MRSA (DOC), gram + organisms only, amp-resistant enterococcus, meningitis, MDR S. pneumonia infxn, 2nd line tx of pseudomemb. Colitis (C. deficile); Febrile neutropenics
|
|
quinupristin/dalfopristin
|
( - cidal: strep, most staph), (** MRSA), ( - static: Enterococcus faecium (*** VRE)), MDR gram + (great G+ coverage!)
|
|
linezolid
|
Enterococcus faceium AND faecalis, ( -static: VRE infections (DOC) & select MRSA); MDR G+ (min. G - activity)
|
|
trim-sulfa
|
Broad spectrum: S. aureus, Enterobacter, E. coli, Klebsiella; UTI's; pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients (DOC), toxoplasmosis (may help w/ MRSA in future)
|
|
nitrofurantoin
|
UTI's (not pseudomonas)
|
|
Tetracycline HCl
|
rickettsial infxns (RMSF - DOC), Lyme Disease (B. burgdorferi) DOC; **mycoplasma pneumoniae (CAP), chlamydia, acne, moderate gram + and gram - activity; Plasmodium
|
|
doxycycline
|
rickettsial infxns (RMSF - DOC), Lyme Disease (B. burgdorferi) DOC; **mycoplasma pneumoniae (CAP), chlamydia, acne, moderate gram + and gram - activity; Plasmodium
|
|
minocycline
|
used esp. for **acne
|
|
niclosamide
|
tapeworm/Cestodes (DOC) (can't get in USA)
|
|
praziquantel
|
schistosomiasis (DOC) (Flukes/Tremetodes)
|
|
mebendazole
|
Broad Coverage: roundworms tapeworms, pinworms, whipworms, hookworms
|
|
albendazole
|
mixed infections; roundworms, pinworms, whipworms, hookworms, ***cysticercosis (DOC for all these)
|
|
pyrantel pamoate
|
pinworms
|
|
ivermectin
|
threadworm
|
|
chloroquine
|
use together for malaria treatment (need both for total cure), but chloroquine is DOC
|
|
primaquine
|
use together for malaria treatment (need both for total cure), but chloroquine is DOC
|
|
|
Toxoplasma (DOC)
|
|
mefloquine
|
MDR P. falicparum; DOC in Africa (lots of CQ resist.)
|
|
PERMETRIN
|
Pediculosis/Lice (see severe itch, Vagabond's disease; use 1% (wait 10 min, wash); Scabies (mites lay eggs in Epidermis; use 5% (wait 8-14 hrs b/4 wash)
|
|
metronidazole
|
amebiasis, trichomoniasis; some anaerobic coverage (bacteriocidal); pseudomembranous colitis (DOC); B. fragilis (abd. Cavity probs); C. difficile; giardiasis (from contam. H2O, daycare)
|
|
Griseofulvin
|
dermatophytes: tinea corporis (ringworm), tineal capitas (scalp ringworm); tinea cruris (jock itch), tenia pedis (athlete's foot)
|
|
Miconazole
|
candida vulvovaginitis
|
|
Clotrimazole
|
candida vulvovaginitis
|
|
Itraconazole
|
Aspergillus infxns
|
|
Fluconazole (p.o.)
|
systemic Candidia albicans infxns (but takes 48 hrs b/4 effects take place - so, not really recommened)
|
|
terbinafine (p.o.)
|
fungal nail infections - Onychomycosis (DOC); athletes foot & jock itch
|
|
nystatin
|
susceptible cutaneous, mucocutaneous & oral fungal infectxns (candidia -- i.e. thrush) (w/ swish & swallow)
|
|
amphotericin B
|
i.v. for resistant oral candidiasis or severe systemic infections (cryptococcus, aspergillus, neisseria)
|
|
Rimantadine
|
for Influenza
|
|
Vidarabine
|
herpes simplex keratitis
|
|
acyclovir
|
herpesviruses (not effective against latency - can't eradicate infxn; only infected cells affected) (Bell's Palsy); prophylaxis for CMV retinitis for Pt's w/ transplanted organs
|