Indv 101 Structure Mind Behavior

Front 1

aphasia (p. 111)

Back 1

serious speech deficit that renders a person unable to communicate effectively

Front 2

Broca's area (p. 110)

Back 2

language area in the prefrontal cortex that helps to control speech production

Front 3

cerebral hemispheres (p. 110)

Back 3

two halves of the cerebral cortex, which serve different yet highly integrated cognitive functions

Front 4

computed tomography (CT) (p. 132)

Back 4

a scanning technique using multiple x-rays to construct 3-D images

Front 5

corpus callosum (p. 110)

Back 5

large band of fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

Front 6

electroencephalography (EEG) (p. 131)

Back 6

recording of brain's electrical activity at the surface of the skull

Front 7

functional MRI (fMRI) (p. 132)

Back 7

technique that uses magnetic fields to visualize brain activity

Front 8

lateralization (p. 134)

Back 8

cognitive function that relies more on one side of the brain than the other

Front 9

lesion (p. 130)

Back 9

area of damage due to a surgery, injury, or disease

Front 10

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (p. 132)

Back 10

technique that uses magnetic fields to indirectly visualize brain structure

Front 11

magnetoencephalography (p. 132)

Back 11

measure of brain activity using magnetometers that sense tiny magnetic fields generated by the brain

Front 12

positron emission tomography (PET) (p. 132)

Back 12

imaging technique that measures uptake of glucose-like molecules; metabolic activity

Front 13

split-brain surgery (p. 134)

Back 13

procedure that involves severing the corpus callosum to reduce the spread of epileptic seizures

Front 14

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) (p. 132)

Back 14

applies strong and quick changing magnetic fields to the surface of the skull; enhance/interrupt

Front 15

Wernicke's area

Back 15

part of the temporal lobe involved in understanding speech

Front 16

absolute threshold (p. 153)

Back 16

lowest level of a stimulus needed for the nervous system to detect a change 50% of the time

Front 17

accommodation (p. 165)

Back 17

changing the shape of lens to focus on objects near or far

Front 18

acuity (p. 165)

Back 18

sharpness of vision

Front 19

audition (p. 177)

Back 19

our sense of hearing

Front 20

basilar membrane (p. 178)

Back 20

membrane supporting the organ of Corti and hair cells in the cochlea

Front 21

binocular depth clues (p. 170)

Back 21

stimuli that enable us to judge depth using both eyes

Front 22

blind spot (p. 166)

Back 22

part of the visual field we can't see because of an absence of rods and cones

Front 23

brightness (p. 163)

Back 23

intensity of reflected light that reaches our eye

Front 24

cochlea (p. 178)

Back 24

bony, spiral-shaped sense organ used for hearing

Front 25

cornea (p. 165)

Back 25

part of the eye containing transparent cells that focus light on the retina

Front 26

color blindness (p. 170)

Back 26

inability to see some or all colors

Front 27

cones (p. 166)

Back 27

receptor cells in the retina allowing us to see in color

Front 28

depth perception (p. 170)

Back 28

ability to judge distance and 3-D relations

Front 29

extrasensory perception (ESP) (p. 159)

Back 29

perception of events outside the known channels of sensation

Front 30

fovea (p. 165)

Back 30

central portion of the retina

Front 31

gustation (p. 180)

Back 31

our sense of taste

Front 32

hue (p. 163)

Back 32

color of light

Front 33

just noticeable difference (JND) (p. 154)

Back 33

smallest change in the intensity of a stimulus that we can detect

Front 34

lens (p. 165)

Back 34

part of the eye that changes curvature to keep images in focus

Front 35

monocular depth cues (p. 170)

Back 35

stimuli that enable us to judge depth using only one eye

Front 36

olfaction (p. 180)

Back 36

our sense of smell

Front 37

organ or Corti (p. 178)

Back 37

tissue containing the hair cells necessary for hearing

Front 38

perception (p. 152)

Back 38

the brain's interpretation of raw sensory inputs

Front 39

perceptual constancy (p. 157)

Back 39

process by which we perceive stimuli consistently across varied conditions

Front 40

phantom pain (p. 186)

Back 40

pain or discomfort felt in an amputated limb

Front 41

proprioception (p. 184)

Back 41

our sense of body position

Front 42

retina (p. 165)

Back 42

membrane at the back of the eye responsible for converting light into neural activity

Front 43

rods (p. 165)

Back 43

receptor cells in the retina allowing us to see in low levels of light

Front 44

selective attention (p. 158)

Back 44

process of selecting one sensory channel and ignoring or minimizing others

Front 45

semicircular canals (p. 188)

Back 45

three fluid-filled canals in the inner ear responsible for our sense of balance

Front 46

sensation (p. 152)

Back 46

detection of physical energy by sense organs, which then send information to the brain

Front 47

sense receptor (p. 153)

Back 47

specialized cell for converting external stimuli into neural activity for a specific sensory system

Front 48

somatosensory (p. 184)

Back 48

our sense of touch, temperature, and pain

Front 49

taste buds (p. 181)

Back 49

sense receptors in the tongue that respond to sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami, and perhaps fat

Front 50

timbre (p. 177)

Back 50

complexity or quality of sound that makes musical instruments, human voices or other sources sound unique

Front 51

transduction (p. 153)

Back 51

the process of converting an external energy or substance into neural activity

Front 52

trichromatic theory (p. 170)

Back 52

idea that color vision is based on our sensitivity to three different colors

Front 53

vestibular sense (p. 184)

Back 53

our sense of equilibrium or balance