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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cornelius Vanderbilt
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who:American entrepreneur.
when:1794-1877 sig:He built his wealth in shipping and railroads and was the patriarch of the Vanderbilt family and one of the richest Americans in history. |
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New York Central Railroad
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what: railroad operating in the Northeastern United States
when:1900s sig:served most of the Northeast, including extensive trackage in the states of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, and Massachusetts, plus additional tracks in Canada. connected new york with other cities. |
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Federal land Grants 1865-1900
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what:Federal land grants are used by the government to set aside public land that can then be used for any number of reasons.
when: 1865-1900 sig: the form of conservation projects that can be a government undertaking or a private one. In the past, land grants were used to help fund education projects in each state and improve transportation throughout the country. |
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Transcontinental Railroad
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what:railroad line built in the United States of America by the Central Pacific Railroad of California and the Union Pacific Railroad
when: 1863 and 1869 sig: the road connected the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States by rail for the first time, served as a vital link for trade, commerce and travel |
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Jay Gould
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who: he was a leading american railroad developer and speculator. painted as an unscrupulous pirate who manipulated and watered stock, deliberately running businesses down and building them up again to his own advantage. he was one of the architects of a consolidated national railroad and communication system. One of his major achievements was to lead Western Union to a place of dominance in the telegraph industry.
when:1880-1920 sig: considered himself to be the most hated man in late-19th century America. He was vilified by the press as a reckless speculator and brutal strikebreaker.was regarded as a master of bribery and insider stock manipulation. He paid off President Grant's brother-in-law to learn the president's intentions about government gold sales; he bribed members of New York's legislature; and he tried to corner the gold market |
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Panic of 1893
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what:A growing credit shortage created panic,15,000 businesses, 600 banks, and 74 railroads failed.
when: 1893 sig: resulted in a depression. caused severe unemployment and wide-scale protesting, which in some cases became very violent. |
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J.P. Morgan
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what: American financier, banker and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation
when: 1837-1913 sig:created U.S. Steel, the world's first billion-dollar corporation |
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Bessemer Process
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what:industrial process for the manufacture of steel from molten pig iron. named after its inventor, Henry Bessemer.its basically the removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron
when:1855 sig: first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron. |
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Andrew Carnegie
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who:industrialist, businessman, entrepreneur and a major philanthropist.
when:1835-1919 sig: Carnegie’s growing wealth enabled him to profit from the depression of the 1890s. When others faced bankruptcy, he managed to gobble up steel production facilities. By 1900, he controlled about one quarter of the nation’s steel output. The low point of Carnegie’s career occurred in 1892 during the infamous Homestead Steel Strike. |
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Vertical Integration
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what : the process in which several steps in the production and distribution of a product or service are controlled by a single company in order to increase that companys power in the market place.
when: 1900s sig: it increases the companys power in the market place. |
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U.S. Steel
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what:largest fully integrated steel producer in the United States
when: founded in 1901 sig: largest business enterprise ever launched, with an authorized capitalization of $1.4 billion. Throughout the years, U. S. Steel responded to changing economic conditions and new market opportunities through diversification and periodic restructuring |
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John D. Rockefeller
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who: American oil magnate, founded the Standard Oil Company
when:1839-1837 sig:revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy. |
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Standard Oil Trust
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what:created by John D. Rockefeller. largest oil refinery firm in the world. was forced to break up into separate state companies.
when:1863 sig: was the largest oil refiner in the world and operated as a major company trust and was one of the world's first and largest multinational corporations |
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Horizontal Integration
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what: a company that expands its buisness into different products that are similar to current lines.
sig: strategy used by a business or corporation that seeks to sell a type of product in numerous markets. |
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Anti Trust Movement
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what
when sig |
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Sherman Antitrust Act 1890
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what:based on the constitutional power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce. requires the United States federal government to investigate and pursue trusts, companies, and organizations suspected of violating the Act
when: 1890 sig: the first measure passed by the U.S. Congress to prohibit trusts, and to limit cartels and monopolies |
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United States v. E.C. Knight
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what:response to the public concern in the growth of giant combinations controlling tranportation, industry, and commerce. The Act aimed to stop the concentration of wealth and economic power in the hands of the few
when: 1890 sig: outlawed "every contract, combination...or conspiracy, in restraint of trade" or interstate commerce, and it declared every attempt to monopolize any part of trade or commerce to be illegal |
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Laissez – Faire Capitalism
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what:environment in which transactions between private parties are free from state intervention, including restrictive regulations, taxes, tariffs and enforced monopolies.
when:1900s, began around the 1700s sig:government leaves the people alone regarding all economic activities. It is the separation of economy and state. |
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Adam Smith
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who:explanation of how rational self-interest in a free-market economy leads to economic well-being.
when:1700s sig: One of the key figures of the Scottish Enlightenment,enormous reputation and would become one of the most influential works on economics ever. |
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Gospel of Wealth
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what: it term for a notion promoted by many successful businessmen that their massive wealth was a social benefit for all people.
when:The Gospel of Wealth was a softer and more palatable version of Social Darwinism. The advocates linked wealth with responsibility, arguing that those with great material possessions had equally great obligations to society sig |
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Transatlantic Cable
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what=first cable used for telegraph communications laid across the floor of the atlantic ocean
when=1857 it started=5 attempts to lay the cable in a 9 yr period (1858-1866) sig=took a matter of minutes by telegraph. |
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Alexander Graham Bell
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who: he was an eminent scientist, inventor, engineer, innovater hwo is credited for inventing the telephone.
when: was born march 3, 1847, and died august 2, 1922 (75 yr old) sig: he invented the telephone |
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Sear Roebuck
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(im assuming its sears and roebuck)
what: company started by Richard Sears and Alvah C. Roebuck. named their company Sears, Roebuck and Co. became very profitable and offered mail-in catalogs. Sears, Roebuck and Co. built numerous stores throughout the United States. when:1886 sig:managed to surpass Ward's business. became a record expansion over a six-year period |
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Horatio Alger
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who:he was an author best known for his many formulaic juvenile novels about impoverished boys and how they rose from a humble background to having respectable lives of middle class. he later started writing books for the young
when: he was born january 13, 1834, he died july 18, 1899 (age 67) sig: |
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Railroad Strike of 1877
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what: after the civil war ended a boom of railroad constructions occured. alot of money was put into building these tracks that it started to turn into a depression were there were cuts and poor working conditions for people.this is what lead to the strike.
when: it began july 14 in martinsburg, west virginia, it ended about 45 days later after it was put down by the local and states militias and federal troops. sig:forced the American railroads into a cost-cutting mode. |
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National Labor union
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what:sought to bring together all of the national labor organizations in existence, as well as the "eight-hour leagues" established to press for the eight-hour day, to create a national federation that could press for labor reforms and help found national unions in those areas where none existed. The new organization favored arbitration over strikes. when:founded in 1866
sig:the first national labor federation in the United States. called for the creation of a national labor party as an alternative to the two existing parties. |
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Knights of Labor
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what: offered a more reasoned approach to solving labor problems. emerged as a national force and had dropped its initial secrecy. They sought to include within their ranks everyone but doctors, bankers, lawyers, liquor producers and gamblers. they wanted to terminate child labor, have an eight hour work day, and equal pay for equal work.
when: 1880's sig:was one of the most largest and important american labor organizations of the 1880's. |
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Terence V. Powderly
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what:he was a highly visible national spokesman for the working man as head of knights of labor.
when: jan. 22, 1849 - june 24, 1924 sig:opposed to the use of work stoppages, but strikes brought them increased power |
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Haymarket Bombing
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what: it started as a rally to help the striking workers when an unknown person threw a dynomite bomb at the police as they disperssed a public meeting. the bomb blast resulted in the deaths of 8 police officers and an unknown number of civilians.
when: may 4 1886 sig: wokers were granted a shorter work day. |
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American Federation of Labor
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what: was one of the first federations of labor unions in the US. it was founded by an alliance of craft unions disaffected from the knights of labor.
when: dec. 8, 1886 - dec. 4, 1955 sig: important in industrial cities, where they formed a central labor office to coordinate the actions of different AFL unions |
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Samuel Gompers
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who: was an american labor union leader and he founded the american federation of labor and served as the president from 1886 - 1894 and from 1895 till his death.
when: jan 27, 1850 - dec 13, 1924 sig:key figure in American labor history, He promoted harmony among the different craft unions, trying to minimize jurisdictional battles. He promoted "thorough" organization and collective bargaining to secure shorter hours and higher wages. |
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Homestead Strike 1894
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what: it was industrial lockout and strike.battle between strikers and private security agents. occurred at the Homestead Steel Works in the Pittsburgh-area town of Homestead, Pennsylvania, between the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers (the AA) and the Carnegie Steel Company. The final result was a major defeat for the union, and a setback for efforts to unionize steelworkers.
when: began june 30, 1892 sig: it was one of the most serious disputes in the US labor history |
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Eugene V. Debs
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what: he was an american union leader, he was also one of the founding members of the international labor union. he eventually became one of the best known socialists living in the US.
when: born nov. 5, 1855 - oct. 20, 1926 sig:instrumental in the founding of the American Railway Union |
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jocelyn, hi love!!!!
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:)
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seester im soooooo soooooo hungry!!
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:(
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dear elena
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i looooove yiuuuu!!!!
- seestter -- : D |
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dear elena
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evelyn say hiiii!!!!! : { D
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dear jocelyn
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i loveeeee uuuu seester!!!!
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dear evelyn
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whats up? ;)
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elena :
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(>^^>) (<^^<)
^ ^ me you :D |
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to jocelyn,
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ahahahaha dude, im going shopping on friday :)
-elena |
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lodijipdjfi
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ooooo for what???
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