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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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OSHA Occupational Exposure Levels
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PEL: an 8 hr. TWA
STEL: =15 min max |
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ACGIH Occupational Exposure Levels
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TLV
Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA): average exposure on the basis of a 8h/day, 40h/week work schedule Threshold Limit Value - Short Term Exposure Limit (TLV-STEL): spot exposure for a duration of 15 minutes, that cannot be repeated more than 4 times per day Threshold Limit Value - Ceiling (TLV-C): absolute exposure limit that should not be exceeded at any time There are TLVs for physical agents as well as chemical substances. TLVs for physical agents include those for noise exposure, vibration, ionizing & non-ionizing radiation exposure and heat & cold stress. BEI |
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Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis "Black Lung'
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Caused by coal dust and silica
TYPES: Simple coal workers pneumonconiosis CWP complicated by fibrosis Silicosis COPD Smoking not a risk factor Not a risk factor lung cancer |
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Coal dust macule
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pathognomonic finding in CWP- coal dust filling macrophages.
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Types of Asbestos fibers
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Serpentine (white asbestos)
=Chrysotile Amphibole (5 subtypes) Most disease associated with crocidolite Tendency to migrate |
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Asbestosis
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Fibrogenic pneumoconiosus
Increased risk with smoking CXR should be read by B-reader |
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Asbestos- related malignancies
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Bronchogenic CA - Risk >10x for smokers
Mesothelioma (only non asbestos cause is eronite) no increased risk with smoking |
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Diagnosis of asbestos related disease
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Asbestos bodies are a marker of exposure, not dose or disease
Fiber counts- correlate with dose and risk CXR helpful but low sensitivity CT |
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Organic toxic dust syndrome
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Inhalation of dust with mold spores
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Man made mineral fibers
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Fiber glass
mineral wool refractory ceramic factors cause skin irritation and UR tract irritation |
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Apparent T1/2 of CO with methylene chloride
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13 hrs.
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Chronic cyanide poisoning
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SCN competes with iodine for uptake into the thyroid. goiter and hypothyroidism.
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Cyanide doses
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>10ppm toxic
>100 ppm potentially lethal. |
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Sodium nitrite for methemoglobin
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300 mg for adult
10/mg/kg for peds |
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Sources of NOx
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Burning of fossil fuels
contact of nitrogen acids with organic material Ice skating rinks Welding gas stoves Silo filler's disease |
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Course of Acute inhalation of NOx
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1) Acute pulmonary symptoms
2) asymptomatic (up to 12 hrs.) 3) ALI (also methemoglobin) 4) apparent recovery 5)May develop BO up to a month after expsoure 6) May develop chronic bronchitis |
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sulfur oxides
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SO2 is principal
highly irritating water solule |
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Gas eye
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Keratoconjunctivitis from H2S
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H2S
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Pulmonary edema, ARDS
mucus membrane irritant cytochrome aa3 |
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H2S treatment
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maybe methb induction
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Radon
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formed fromU238 decay
Radon and its daughters emit alpha particles Final product is lead Radon also emits beta particles |
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Radon levels
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outdoor 0.2 pc/L
indoor 1.2pc/L One "working level" = small amount of energy level for homer rediation is 2WLM (working level months) Remediation generally recommended for 11pc/L |
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Radon health effects
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Lung cancer from alpha particles
Synergistic with smoking |
