Industrial Revolution

Front 1

industrialization

Back 1

the development of industries for the machine production of goods

Front 2

communism

Back 2

an economic system in which all means of production- land, mines, factories, railroads, and businesses- are owned by the people, private property does not exist

Front 3

marxism

Back 3

a radical type of socialism introduced by Karl Marx, a German journalist

Front 4

utilitarianism

Back 4

the theory, proposed by Jeremy Bentham in the late 1700s, that government actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people

Front 5

utopia

Back 5

an ideal society; an imaginary land described by Sir Thomas More in his book Utopia—hence, an ideal place

Front 6

yellow dog

Back 6

of or relating to oppostion to trade unionism or a labor union

Front 7

urbanization

Back 7

to growth of cities and the migrations of people into them

Front 8

Agricultural Revolution

Back 8

a significant change in agriculture that occurs when there are discoveries, inventions, or new technologies that change production

Front 9

capitalism

Back 9

an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit

Front 10

Laissez-faire

Back 10

the idea that the government should not interfere with or regulate industries and business

Front 11

Romanticism

Back 11

an early 19th century movement in art and thought, which focused on emotion and nature

Front 12

socialism

Back 12

an economicsystem which factors of production are owned by the people

Front 13

contract

Back 13

a binding agreement between two or more persons or parties

Front 14

proletariat

Back 14

in marxist theory, the group of workers who would over throw the czar and rule Russia

Front 15

Industrial Revolution

Back 15

the shift, beginning in England during the 18th century from making goods by hand

Front 16

Factory Act (1833)

Back 16

The Factory Act, 1833 was an attempt to establish a normal working day in a single department of industry, textile manufacture. The way in which it proposed to do this was the following: The working day was to start at 5.30 a.m. and cease at 8.30 p.m. A young person (aged thirteen to eighteen) might not be employed beyond any period of twelve hours, less one and a half for meals; and a child (aged nine to thirteen) beyond any period of nine hours. From 8.30 p.m. to 5.30 a.m.; that is during the night; the employment of such persons was altogether prohibited.

Front 17

union

Back 17

an association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages

Front 18

impressionism

Back 18

a movement in 19th century painting, in which artists reacted againist realism by seeking to convey their impressions of subjects or moments in time

Front 19

scab

Back 19

a worker who refuses to join a labor union

Front 20

strike

Back 20

to refuse to work in order to force an employer