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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Industrial Revolution
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1750-1850 A shift of production by hand tools to machine
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Why did Industrial Revolution take place in Britain?
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-strong labor force
-wealthy class willing to pay -good harbors -lots of natural resourses (coal) -good climate (for agriculture) |
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Old way or Domestic system
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"putting out system" A merchant pays a peasant to spin wool into cloth and sells it in the city for $3
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New way or Factory system
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Factories - called dark, satanic mills
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Dikes
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dutch - an earthy wall used to prevent flooding of crops
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Fertilizer
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dutch - renews soil (poopy)
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Enclosure
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dutch - farmers buy out surrounding farms, drop the borders, and increase size of their own
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Tull
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seed drill
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Townshend
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Turnip - crop rotation
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Bakewell
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breeding anumals
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hydropower
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energy produced with water
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coal
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#1 natural resource. produces steam for power
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Newcomen
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steam engine
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Watt
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improves steam engine
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Kay
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flying shuttle
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Arkwright
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water powered spinning frame
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Hargraves
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spinning jenny
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Stephanson
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steam locomotive - 1836
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Crompton
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spinning mule
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Fulton
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steam boat - "Clermont" 5mph Hudson River
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Faraday
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Dynamo - magnetic
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Darby
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cast-iron bridges
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Clermont
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Fulton - 1st steam boat - 5mph - hudson river
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MacAdams
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stone roads
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Living conditions in the city
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-foul smell
-packed into little rooms -little or no light -no running water -no sanitation system -alot of disease |
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Parliament
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English gov't passes new laws:
-1819 cant hire child under 10 -1841 cant have child work for more than 10 hr. a day -health wages safety |
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Adam Smith
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wealth of the nations 1776 (laissez faire)
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Thomas Malthus
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"Essay on the Principles of Population" --> b/c population increasaeas, so will war, famine, and disease
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David Ricardo
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"Iron Law of Wages" --> demand for workers = higher wages
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John Stuart Mill
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"on liberty" 1859 --> liberal movement
"on subjection of women" --> womens rights |
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Jeremy Benthan
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utilitarianism = greatest happiness for greatest # of people
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John Wesley
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founder of Methodist Church --> faith and forgiveness of sin gave hope and salvation
(introduced sunday school) |
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Karl Marx
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German founder and agitator - said he had proof of a "World Revolution" by 1900 (wealthy vs. working class)
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Marx's friend
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Frederich Engels
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Communist Manifesto
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Marx and Engels
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communism
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-form of socialism but one class suffer
-state owns all |
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socialism
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-economic/political system
-society, not individuals, own all properties & businesses |
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Marx called the working class __________
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proletariot
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Dickens
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author
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Robert Owen
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no rich or poor - share property - no fighting (utopias)
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Utopias
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perfect law, gov't, economy...complete happiness!
1. New Lanark, Scotland (worked) 2. New Harmony, Indiana (fails) |
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Pierre Joseph Proudhon
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Anarchism (replace go'v w/ nothing) chaos! violence! revolt!
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