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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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3-1
What was life like on the farms? |
-Villages fed themselves (substinance) for farming
-People married within the villages |
Farming in the middle ages
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3-1
1 of 3 villages left FALLOW. What is FALLOW? |
Empty to regain fertility
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3-1
Substinance Crops |
Wheat
Oats Beans Corn |
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3-1
Cash Crops |
Cotton
Coffee Tabaco Marajuana |
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3-1
Livestock |
Pig
Sheep Horse Cow |
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3-1
What were the disadvantages to this way of farming? |
-Land use was inefficient
-Animals grazed in common pastures -Farmers didn't experiment w/ new farming methods |
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3-1
Forces for change of the farming lifestyle |
-Population in UK was graowing= MORE FOOD NEEDED
-1700=5MILLON PEOPLE -French blockade= NO CORN MORE FOOD NEEDED |
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3-2
What did wealthy land lords do with farming technology? |
They fenced in common pastures
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3-2
What did this do to the common people? |
The peasants became poorer because villages lost common lands
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3-2
Crop Rotation |
When one crop was done, it would leave niutrients in the soil so they put another crop in and the niutrients replenished the plants.
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FIELDS WERE NOT INEFFICIENTLY RUN!
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3-2
When was seed drilling invented and by whom? |
-1701
-Jethro Tull *Saved 80% of seeds |
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3-2
Corn |
Provides 20x more seed then the average.
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3-2
Potatoes |
-High in calories
-Can be grown almost anywhere |
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3-2
What were the end results to the agricultural revolution? |
-More food available
-Population increased |
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3-3
Explain the 3 aspects of Mercantilism |
-Export more than you import
-Import raw materials export finished good -REGULATE TRADE AND COMMERCE |
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3-3
What were the merchant's role in the Cottage Industry? |
-They supplied materials= woolw and cotton
-Took supplies from the spinning cottage to dying cottage to seel finished cloth. -*** Sell products for more than material and labor cost= MORE MONEY FOR THEM |
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3-3
What is capitalism |
An economis system based on private ownership, free competition, and open markets (laissez-faire=HANDS OFF)
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3-3
How did Adam Smith define capitalism? |
It is motivated by personal gain
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3-3
What were 2 effects of the cottage inductry? |
1-Big profits for new class of merchants
2-Alternative source of income for peasants. |
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3-4
Why was the textilve industry invented? |
The cotton industry couldnt keep up with the demand for textile.
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Because of what downfall?
SUPPLY AND DEMAND |
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3-4
Who invented the spinning jenny? |
-James Hargreaves
-A water frame that improved spinning |
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3-4
Who invented the cotton gin? |
Eli Whitney
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3-4
What inconvienience caused the rise of factories? |
The size of the newly invented machines.
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3-4
Factories isolated what to make them more power efficient? |
Their power source,coal,iron, and water
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3-4
Name 3 effects the textile industry had on Britain |
1-Prices of textiles were lower
2-The industry increased enormously 3- Majority of villages had to leave and get jobs in urban factories |
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3-5
Why was there such a need for economy? |
Early factories relied on horses for transporting goods and steam engines were more efficient.
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3-5
How does the steam engine work? |
Steam forced from high to low pressure produces power
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3-5
What were the effects brought on by the invention of the steam engine? |
(1)It increased textile industry, (2)imporved mining by pumping alot of water out, and (3)increased metals which turned to feul other industries
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3-6
What were 3 of the needs for iron? |
1-farming tools
2-new machinery 3-railways |
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3-6
What is smelting? |
The chemical process that removes impurities from iron ore
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3-6
What were 2 needs for coal? |
1-Carbon necessary for smelting
2-Steam engines powered by coal |
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3-6
What did Besseber do to smelting iron? |
It reduced the time from 7 days to 30 minutes and Britain produced more iron then all other countries
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3-6
What else did coal power in Britain? |
It's navy
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3-7
What was the cause of the need for transportation? |
Increased population
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3-7
What were 2 majior inventions made resulting from the need for transportaion? |
1-Asphalt roads
2-Railroads |
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3-7
When was the railroad built and how fast did it go? |
-1829
-29miles per hour |
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3-7
What was the effect on imports/exports due to the railroads invention? |
Incresed them dramatically
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3-7
What other industries did railways feul? |
Coal, steam engines, iron steal and many manufactured products
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3-8
What kind of geography helped Britain's lead in the Industrial Rev.? |
Damp climate= good for textile production
Natural resources=iron and coal Location=OUT OF WAR |
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3-8
What 3 things did the government encourage? |
1-Internal trade
2-Population relocation 3-Allowed to help build cannals and roads |
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3-8
What was the main social factor? |
British society was less rigid then other Europeans
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3-8
What di dthe colonial empire do to the manufacturing of goods? |
It supplied raw materials
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3-8
What did the colonial empire do to the market? |
Provided it with selling finished goods
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3-8
What were the 2 advantages to industrializing first? |
1-No competeing for manufactured goods
2-Monopoly on technology |
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3-9
What diseases spread in the Industrial Revolution? |
Cholera Epidemic
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3-9
What did the Health Aid do to cure the Cholera? |
In 1879, they paved streets because it would clean up the air, purified the water, set up bath houses, and Quakers set up kitchens to feed starving people.
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3-9
Samueal Morse |
Invented the telegraph, which put the pony oexpress out of business
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MORSE CODE!!!
S.O.S!!! |
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3-9
Alexandar Grahm Bell |
Invented the phone
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3-9
Marconi |
Invented the radio
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3-10
t/f: Before 1832, only British landowners could vote for representives to Parliament |
TRUE
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3-10
t/f: The Reform Act of 1832 discouraged industrial centers to elect their own members of Parliament |
FALSE... they encouraged it
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3-10
t/f: In 1833, The Reform Act banned children under the age of 9 from working |
FALSE... The ALTHROPS ACT
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3-10
t/f:Kids between 9-13 could only work 9 hour days |
TRUE
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3-10
t/f: Between the age of 13-18, children could work 15 hour days |
FALSE...12HOUR DAYS
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3-10
t/f: In 1842, Parliament prohibited mine owners from employing females and boys under then age of 10 from underground mine work |
TRUE
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3-10
What imigrants were crucial to the completion of the transcontinental railroad? |
The Irish and Chinese Imigrants
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3-10
Who invented the assembly line? |
Henry Ford
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3-10
Elias Howe |
Invented the sewing machine
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3-10
Eli Whitney |
Invented the cotton gin which revolutionized the textile industry
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3-11
What were trade clubs and when did they originate? |
Formed by skilled workers in the 1700's to bargain with employers
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3-11
What is a strike? |
Refusing to continue working until workers demands are met without being helf legally liable for financial damage inflicted on employers
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3-11
When did strikes start happeneing? |
In 1870
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3-11
Who was hired to work while employees went on strikes? |
Scabs- people willing to cross the picket line
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3-11
What were 4 things the union provided/faught for? |
1-Stregnth through unity
2-Faught for higher pay 3-Faught for shorter working hours 4-Safer working conditions |
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3-11
What are the results of the past strikes? |
-Workman's comp.
-Minimum wage** -Safe workplace laws (*Sick days) |
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3-11
What is Hold the Fort? |
A folk song of the British Transport Worker's Union
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3-12
Who were Karl Marxx and Friedrich Engles? |
Germans born to middle class families
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3-12
What did Marxx believe? |
Didn't like the unequal distibution of wealth; felt that management exploits workers
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3-12
What form of government did Marxx believe to be the only form? |
Communism
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3-12
What group did he and Engles form? |
The Communist League
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3-12
What was the Communist Manifesto? |
A critque, that Marxx and Engles wrote, of Capitalism
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3-12
What does the Communist Manifesto state? |
It suggest that wealth and power would naturally concentrate in the hands of the Bouregoise (thouse who controlled the means of production)
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3-12
What were his views on the Proletariet? |
Predicted that they would become angry at being exploited, the Workers of the World would unite and overthrow those who controlled the means of production, and
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3-12
What was the result, in Marxx opnion? |
Would be a dictatorship of the proletariet
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3-12
And the END result? |
A class society where wealth would be distributed evenly
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3-13
Who is Robert Owen? |
A successful businessman who made his money in the textile industry
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3-13
Robert Owen was very wealthy but gave his money away generously. What would people call him? |
A philanthropist
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3-13
What did he believe people were? |
Shaped by their surroundings
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3-13
How did he feel changing poor working conditions would effect people? |
It would make them happier and healthier, enabling them to work harder
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3-13
The Wright Bros. |
Credited with the first mechanically sustained flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina
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3-13
4 principles of flight |
1-thrust
2-lift 3-gravity 4-drag |
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3-13
Bernoulli's principle |
-High pressure=slower under wing
-Low pressure=faster over wing |
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