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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Indus river delta
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settled at the same time as the rest of the river delta civilizations
highly diversified main cities Mohenjo-daro and Harappa contains the roots of the identity of the people |
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Dravidian people
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Massive cities made out of baked clay
urban civilizations, central government. system of writing, metal age began around 2000 bc, had huge cities of 30,000 people in 2000bc the aryran people invaded |
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Mohenjo Daro
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the city was built as a grid, utilitarian culture
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Great Bath Mohenjo-daro in Pakistan built ca 2600- 1900 BCE
abanoned |
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Citadel with stuppa 2300bc
highly organized structure stuppa holds ashes of Buddha |
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Robed male figure Mohenjo-daro pakistan 2600-1900bce
stealite 7in high may be praying or meditating |
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seal with a seated figure in yoga position- Mohenjo-daro 2600-1900bce
tiger = strength, phallus, signature |
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Impact of the Aryan people
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destroyed culture, subjected the Durvian people to the caste system
brought creation myth ans and Sanskrit came from the Caucasian mts 1500-1200 |
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Buddha
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means the awakened one
first Buddha was Siddartha Gautama ca 563-483bc born to Hindu world dies at 80 of food poisoning, prince of the Shakya clan born in Lumbini meditated in Bodh Gaya, preached in Sarnath, died in Kusinagara |
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Dream of Queen Maya
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Born as the result of a dream-white elephant visited her
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The life and death of the Buddha
frieze from Gandhara Pakistan 2nd century |
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Story of Buddha
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born from mothers side took 7 steps in each direction, held at palace until 29 met a sick man, old man, dead man, and a holy man, leaves palace to take up a life of a yogi, made 5 friend, searched for 6 years fro enlightenment, close to death little girl brings a bowl of rice, meditates fro 49 days when demon mara comes and tries to seduces him with his daughters then says he didn't give alms, Buddha touches the earth to witness that he did then he reaches enlightenment, preached 1st sermon at Sarnath
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Buddhas 4 noble truths
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to be is to suffer, the cause for suffering is desire, to eliminate suffering one must eliminate desire, the way to eliminate desire is to follow Noble eightfold path
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The Noble Eight path
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1. Right views
It begins with the intuitive insight that all beings are subject to suffering and it with complete understanding of the true 2. Right Inclinations Commitment to ethical and mental self-improvement The intention of renunciation of desire Intention of good will, meaning resistance to feelings if anger or aversion try no to tharm 3. Right Sayings Tell the truth, to speak friendly, warmly, and gently and talk only when necessary 4. Right Conduct Act kindly and compassionately, be honest, to respect the belongings, keep sexual relationships harmless 5. Right Livelihood One should earn ones living in righteous way and wealth should be gained legally and peacefully 6. Right Endeavor Without effort, which in itself is an act of will, nothing can be achieved 7. Right Mindfulness Controlled and perfected faculty of cognition Enable us to be aware of the process if conceptualization in a way that we actively observe and control the way our thoughts go 8. Right Meditations Wholesome concentration wholesome thoughts and actions Practice of meditation to focus on a selected object |
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Death of Buddha
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reached Nirvana-when all desire has been eliminated one realizes clearly and immediately the bliss of Buddhahood one is then release from the wheel of incarnations
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Development of Buddism
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500-250bc oral transmission of teachings, In the 1 century there was a schism,
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Mahayana Buddhism
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bodhisattva and an elaborate cosmology and pantheon of deities
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Varirayana Buddhism
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tibetan buddism- 500ad icludes tantras, ancient Indian text, ritual, gesture, sound and visualization devices as means to attain spiritual perfection
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Vairochanna
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the great buddha enthroned in the center of the univese in a lotus flower suronded by thousand buddhas 4 buddhas of the 4 directions Vairochana and the four Buddhas make 5 bodies of the budda
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Golden light-bindu
Bun of hair-usnisha Tufted of white hair-urna leaf shaped eyelids mask like facial features distended earlobes 3 rings of flesh on neck |
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protection, benevolence and peace, dispelling of fear
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offering, giving, welcome, charity, compassion and sincerity.
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explanation teaching
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turning the wheel of the the law
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gesture of touching the earth
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meditation mudra
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The Mauryan dynasty
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322-185bc
Alexander the Great conquers India |
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Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty
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becomes buddhist saint
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Along pathways where people will find them top with animals
Lions, bull, horse, elephant Words inscribed on them The world is the mountain and inside the mountain is a shaft To symbolize the law of the dharma |
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erected by Ashoka in Sarnath 250BCe
sandstone Monolithic column Capital Abacus Chakra – wheel Chakravartin – holder of the wheel |
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Gret Stuppa Sanchi, India- 3rd century bc stuppas a places where Buddha was
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Gret Stuppa Sanchi, India- 3rd century bc stuppas a places where Buddha was
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Stuppas
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4 entrances of the village
central pt was a tree pre-buddihst influences myth of creation- |
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detail of eastern gateway, Great Stupa, Sanchi, India, mid first century BCE to early first century CE. Yakshi_ female tree and fertility spirit tribangha – three-bends pose Jakatas – Buddha’s past lives
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cave at Kali 100ad
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Couple, Great Chaitya Hall, Karli, Maharastra, Andhra Period, early 2nd c.A.D. Mithuna – happy couple: youthful promise
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Kushan dynasty
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50-320 ad
We have no imagery of the empire But introduces Buddhist law and monks travel and spread Buddhism Coming to area where Alexander conquered they do not meet and kind resistance they rake north section of India They settle 2 centers of command- summers they go north winters they go south iconic images of the Buddha |
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Kanishka I third Kushan ruler, crowned 128 AD at Peshawar
Capitals: Peshawar and Mathura Monument of himself Establishing a new dynasty Massive boots, massive coat and sword |
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first image of the Buddha
The earliest dated stone image by monk Bala in the third year of the reign of Kanishka (131 AD) |
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Kushan Grandhara style
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Meeting of Buddhist thought and Romano-Greco style
Hard draperies, oval faces, straight noses, high arched eyebrows. |
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Standing Boddhisatva, Kushan Gandhara style, 2nd c. A.D., sandstone, Boston Museum of Fine Arts.Mahayana Buddhism
A person who achieves enlightenment Is a person who walks on earth who help other people achieve enlightenment a spiritual princes fully alive one |
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Meditating Buddha, from Gandhara, Pakistan, second century CE. Gray schist, 3’ 7 1/2” high
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