Indonesia: Parliamentary Democracy

Front 1

Indonesia's independence

Back 1

27th December 1949

Front 2

Political Disunity:
Which parties dominated the political scene in the early years of independence?

Back 2

the Masjumi Party, the Muslim Scholar's Association (NU), PKI and PNI.

Front 3

Islam reformist

Back 3

Masjumi Party

Front 4

Traditional Muslims

Back 4

Muslim Scholar's Association (NU)

Front 5

What movement threatens the stability of the parliamentary democracy and sought to replace of the Republic with an Indonesian Islamic state until early 1960s?

Back 5

Darul Islam Movement

Front 6

Regional disunity:
Which was the two main areas of dispute?

Back 6

Majority Java VERSUS the outer Islands

Front 7

What was the significance of the 1955 elections?

Back 7

1. Favouritism over Javanese and leftist policies which resulted in revolts by outer islands.
2. Symbolism of Hatta's resignation in 1956
3. Elucidation of weak consensus and reinforcement of divisiveness in the indonesian society.

Front 8

How serious was the economic chaos as a result of the revolution?

Back 8

1. The general cost of living rose to about 100% over the past 1950 to 1957.
2. Food production failed to keep up with the rapid increase in population from 77.2m in 1950 to 85.4m in 1955.

Front 9

How did the 1955 elections elucidate divisiveness?

Back 9

1. The election results, as by votes casted showed that none of the parties obtain a clear majority due its extensive fragmentation.
2. Java voted for PNI, NU, PKI (leftist) while Outer Islands voted fo mostly Masjumi (rightist)

Front 10

What prevented the continuity of policies?

Back 10

1. The fact that the cabinets fell every 4 to 6 months
2. Multiplication of pol parties with irreconcilable agendas.

Front 11

What was Sukarno's "bury the parties" campaign about?

Back 11

To remove parliamentary democracy and replace it with a more javanese authoritarian regime known as the "Guided Democracy".