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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bubaran (Java) song
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“Udan Mas” (Golden Rain)
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Ketawang (Java) song
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“Puspawarna”
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Gamelan gong kebyar (Bali) song
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“Kebyar Teruna”
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Kroncong song
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“Morisko”
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Gambus song
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“Cari Hiburan” (“Looking for Entertainment”)
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Jaipongan song
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“Daun Pulus Keser Bojong”
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gamelan
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tuned percussion ensemble of instruments found in the central Javanese courts structure: colotomic (interpunction) core(melodic) elaboration (connecting and figuration layers) |
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balungan
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skeletal melody balungan instrumentsprovide the core melody |
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(“skeleton”/“core” melody)
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balungan instruments:
saron (core melody, thick keys), slenthem (gender) gambang (wooden xylophone) |
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colotomic
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use of specified instruments to mark off established time intervals. Provides rhythmic structure/time keeping punctuation |
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How colotomic works in the gamelan |
a musical unit of 16 measures may be marked by four instruments: a small gong striking once every odd-numbered measure; a larger gong striking each 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th measure; another gong striking each 6th, 10th, and 14th; and the large gong ageng sounding in the 16th.
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panerusan
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Elaborating instruments
Difficult instruments to learn but provide the most opportunity for improvisation and creativity |
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punctuating instruments (slower) |
kenong (front hanging kettle)
ketuk (upper right, low muffle) kempul (hanging gongs low) gong ageng (largest gong) |
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elaborating instruments (faster)
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bonang (kettle gongs)
peking (saron panerus) gender rebab (fiddle), suling (flute) gambang (wooden xylophone) |
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Explain a way in which a panerusan instrument elaborates the balungan
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they are the time keeping instruments |
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“conductor” drum
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Kendhang (leader drum) |
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kendang
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Leader drum |
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colotomic structure
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gatra; (ke)nongan, gongan.
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gatra
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4 beat phrase in Javanese music |
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(ke)nongan
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a colotomic phrase in Javanese music marked with a kenong stroke 4 four beat out of 16 phrase |
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gongan
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plays every 2 Gatras (16 beat phrases) phrase concluded with stroke of gong |
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At what moment does the namesake instrument play?
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depends on the beat and the kendhang drum leader deciding tempo and rhythm |
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laras
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tuning system: slendro, pelog.
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slendro
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five note scale |
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pelog
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seven note scale |
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Why do many gamelans include a duplicate of each instrument?
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there are two types of scales used, pentatonic (5)and heptatonic (7) in Javanese court music. |
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tuning systems precise? Not precise? Standardized or not for laras
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purposeful mistuning notisable when an octave is played |
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What essential feature of gamelan music does 6532 6532 3323 6532 describe?
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used to describe the pitch contour (sarong) |
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What does each number stand for? 6532 6532 3323 6532
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Pitch number for gongan 1 within each beat |
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Rhythmic variation of gamelan
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kendhang (lead drum) is essential as it controls the tempo and rhythm of pieces |
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laya
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slow/medium/fast tempo
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irama
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1/2/4/8/16 elaboration notes per balungan note
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acceleration and slowing rhythm of gamelan
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lead drum (kendhang) |
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music and social power in Indonesia
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political power- clonal overlords music and dance- establishing/justifying precedence and prestige Hindu and Buddhist religions influence elite and ruling classes in Java before establishment of Islam |
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spirituality and music in Indonesia
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Large gong- spiritual presence court made compromises with spiritual leaders no music Fridays or pay fine. Large gong not used |
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instruments in Indonesia
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1) Saron (core melody) Thick keys on every 16 beats or Gatras 2) Kendhang (drum) Leader every 4 beats or 4 Gatras 3) Gong (puntuating) every 8 beats or 2 Gatras |
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wayang kulit
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shadow puppet theatre
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dalang
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puppet master
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Dutch colonialism in Java
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courts, provided financial resources but given limited responsiblites of governance, evolved an elegant way of life development of arts and exaulted status |
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Dutch colonialism in Bali
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courts dissolved the descendans of nobles rarely had the financial resources to maintain the elaborate musical establishments associated with courtly life. |
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Bali: What were the most prominent changes? Why did they happen?
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tourist place emerged exciting kind of gumelan common peopl respondied of gap of noble patrons by developing new types of performing arts. developed gamelan gong keybyar |
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Gong kebyar
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modern Balinese music and dance it accompanies which is noted for its virtuosic and unpredictable playing style classical elegance with start stop start stop style dancer bobs and flashy, squatting, crouched |
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tourism and its effects:
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arts made specifically for them. exotic to satisfy crowd - entertaining monkey chant |
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kecak (“kaychak”)
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dance drama accompained by a large male chorus that chants rhythmically, usually performed for tourists |
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barong
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mythical lion like creature in Balinese sacred drams trance dance ritual adopted for performances for tourists |
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gambus
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Type of Islamic song having Arabic influence the name of the plucked lute originally used to accompany this song |
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kroncong (“kronchong”)
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Type of popular Indonesian music originating from Portuguese-derived sources |
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dangdut
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Popular Indonesian musical style that combines Western rock and Indian film music influences |
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jaipongan
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Popular Indonesian music that is derived from the native folk entertainment of Sunda (west Java) |
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Ketawang: Java
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soft style piece includes male and female vocalist revolves around 16 beat gongan formal structure unfolds over course of five gongan |
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Describe—in order—the types of musical sections that make up a composition like ketawang “Puspawarna”
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16 beat gongan subdivided into two 8 beat kenongan |
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In what section does the chorus sing the main melody?
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Ngelike section (male sings) |
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Decribe the roles of large-scale repetition in ketawang. Who decides?
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helps to find your bearings within the colotomic points. |
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Original social context of Ketawang: Java
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The piece is performed for the entrance of the prince
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