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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ethnocentric |
centered in your own group- judging others based on what is normal in your own group "us" vs. "them" |
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Pre-1970s view
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past-glorious present-disorganized future-assimilation point: viewed them as inferior and less capable and that whites would be able to help them by assimilation |
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Post-1970s |
past-exploited present-resistant future-resurgence point: Respect the Indians and feel bad for their past and now we are rooting them on and telling them they are wonderful to make up for everyting |
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Instilling the Earth (reading) |
Mounds are used to show that to diff cultures, things have diff meaning. i.e. English didn't care about or respect mounds, whereas Indians viewed them as sacred and holy. Europeans brought over lots of things that hurt the Indians... warfare and infestation |
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A Pristine Myth (reading) |
Basically the point to get out of this: The Indians impacted the land and made a lot of changes to the land... belitting to say that they didn't make a change - they: burned trees, made mounds, built roads Indians were advanced as well |
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apperceptive |
viewing the world in a set of categories that exist to you (hes an uncle--> but not loving like one should be) |
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"US" vs "THEM" |
Indians viewed as what they were lacking |
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Noble Savage |
Lack bad characteristics of whites, but also lack good characteristics of whites too |
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Why they were called Indian |
Explorers believed whatever was out there was India Indigenous people use this word for themselves when speaking in English |
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Indians being viewed in terms of what they lack |
Positive: when imagined without our vices Negative: when imagined without our virtues |
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Sepulveda v. Las Casas (1537) |
Debated Indian signficance based on what they lacked. One side kept saying they were good cuz they lacked our bad stuff. The other side they were bad cuz they lacked our good stuff |
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savages |
beyond the law, in the wild, raw |
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Carl Linneaus |
Proclaimed the existence of 6 races First to bring about the idea of "race" |
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How do we know people? |
We know people by their relationships with other things and other people THAT THEY ARENT. We are constantly comparing 2 "opposites" |
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Indians: circular v. linear? |
We view Indians in a CIRCLE that is stuck in time bc we are LINEAR with a past, present, future aka we are more advanced |
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They lack our ills. They are... |
proud, independent, wholesome, simple, innocent, love family |
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They lack our good things. They are... |
naked, passionate, vain, polygamous, warlike, revengeful |
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Romanticism of Indians (contrasts with 1920s realism) |
In Europe, there is a feeling that "things were once better", "sweet sorry", Indians are being lost, disappearing |
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1920s Realism of Indians (contrasts with romanticism) |
Indians are individuals and not the typical stereotypes given to them |
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Late 20th century "good indian" aka Nobel Savage |
We are destorying our land and the Indians are sad about it. pollution: "a crying shame" keep America beautiful |
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Puritans use of Indians |
used Indians to make themselves look better... Indians doing bad things and attacking them bc God was punishing them, not for a political reason "all about us" view of the Puritans |
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Women in both societies (indian and puritan) |
Indian: very important, matriarchal Puritan: no independence, men ruled socitey |
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Wild West view of Indians |
Fight spirit, admirable, riding horse, fighting cowboys, wearing headdresses, etc. |
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A changing indian is a DEGRADING indian |
they are changing= not legit indians if they change, they aren't "real" anymore But if Europeans change and advance, we are still "real" whites |
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Encounters with Spirits: Ojibwa and Dakota (reading) |
French traded with Indians for the first time and explains how the Indians "honored" the French and showed their inferiority |
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The Iroquois and The World's Rim (reading) |
Basically: colors were very symbolic to the Iroquois-- they wanted European goods bc of their cultural value to the Indians. *Trade heavily influenced and dictated by the wants of the Indians* Europeans only started manufacturing certain things out of demand of what the Indians wanted |
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Huron-Wendat Feast of the Dead (reading) |
Shows that there are similarities bw cultures (cannibalism, afterlife, bones are sacred, healers, both thought they knew exactly how the earth worked) Shows that Indian culture was changed due to the introduction of the Europeans... Feast of the Dead ceremonies now had European objects in them |
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Fur Trade- culture and economic activities relate |
People put worth on things based on how their culture values them |
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Meaning of objects comes from... |
Comes from the relationship and knowledge of different people and different objects ex. a type of hat is meaningful to different ppl in diff cultures based on whats relationship is... a baseball hat vs. a top hat |
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Fur Trade routes |
There were indigeous trade routes bf French came European "stuff" arrived bf the people initially -non-fucntioning guns: value and meaning in the eyes of the beholder |
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Mode of Exchange #1 Generalized Reciprocity |
Give what you can, take what you need -married, parents, children -out of love |
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Mode of Exchange #2 Balanced Reciprocity |
a fair and tangible return at an undefined date -buying lunch for someone and it is understood that they will buy next time -coworkers, relatives, friends, neighbors |
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Mode of Exchange #3 Negative Reciprocity |
(barter or sale) immediate repayment with some other good or labor of the same value -with strangers |
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What type of mode of exchange was used in indigenous society? |
-never negative reciprocity -usually generalized or balanced -would build relationships with people before they did any type of exchange |
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Exchange Indians --> Europeans |
furs, barks, canoes, corn, berries, meat, fish |
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Exchange Europeans--> Indians |
cloth, clothing, alcohol, tobacco, kettles, hatchets, muskets |
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Goods for the exchange |
Goods aren't produced simply for exchange -both groups used goods bf trading - framed as gift exchange... abt relationship |
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ethnogenesis |
coming into existence of an ethnic group as they see themselves |
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ECONOMIC LIFE IS ENCOMPASSED BY CULTURE |
desire by Indian groups started markets for certain goods in Europe |
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Values Informing Exchange (graph) |
Goal Quality of Relation. "Price" French: profit incidental(don't know who is buying) negotiable Indians: satisfy needs critical (knew person) fixed |
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Where Indians believed they got their stuff from |
Spirits who they had contact with like Manitou and Thunderbirds |
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Glass Bead Color Meaning |
Red= anti social white/green/sky blue= purpose of life black= asocial |
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Motivation= HONOR for Indians |
you get respect by giving your most valuable gifts POINT OF OBJECTS: TO MAKE SOCIAL RELATIONS - want to acquire wealth in people |
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Develop-man |
a culturally specific realization on a material scale and in material forms never known before - the more stuff there is, the more you become like yourself b/c it has meaning specifically to you - Huron buys an axe for reasons they want it for |
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How Indians and French dealt with the LIVING and DEAD |
Living Dead French accumulate wealth leave property to living Indians give wealth away receive property from living Remember: Indians wanted to build relationship with the dead, French wanted to build wealth |
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The Delaware Prophet Neolin: A Reappraisal (reading) |
Prophets come about and people want to follow them -said he met with the "master of life" and it shows that he is moving closer towards Christianity way of thinking |
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The Dekanawideh Myth Analyzed (reading) |
About the revitalization movement and what parts of the myth are each part of the movement |
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Revitalization Movement steps |
1. Steady state 2. Period of increased individual stress 3. Period of cultural distortion 4. Period of revitalization a) revelation b)communication c) organization d) adaptation e) cultural transformation f) routinization 5. New Steady State |
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Wovoka: The Ghost Dance Prophet (reading) |
Prophets emerge during times of great distress -However, the Ghost Dance prophet "died down" and ended -sought to return the world to a happier time without whites |
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What did the Fur Trade do to the relationship of Indians and Europeans? |
-set attitude of relationship -population changed (mixed race) -formed new traditions and cultural norms (Feast of the Dead with European objects) -left cultural divisions (Wendats) |
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How did French and Indians view objects? |
French: practical use Indians: spiritual use, accumulate relationships |
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Evolutionary change |
slow, incremental change, long period of time |
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Revolutionary change |
rapid, usually stimulated by an external force |
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Nativistic Movements |
any CONSCIOUS ORGANIZED attempt on the part of society's members to REVIVE OR PERPETUATE SELECTED ASPECTS of its culture |
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Religious Maximalism |
religion dominate culture and preferences are constituted as morality and stabilized by religion |
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Relgious Minimalism |
economy is central domain of culture religion restricted to private sphere |
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society |
network of intercommunication |
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culture |
patterns of learned behavior |
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mazeway |
personal mental image of the society and its culture |
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Cali speech |
Prophets come about during revitalization movements |
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How Indians Got to Be Red (reading) |
The idea of "race" came into play Indians called themselves that before, but Europeans used it as labels |
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How to become part of Cherokee Nation |
have to have some "Cherokee blood" in you |
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Blood quantums |
Make it easier to distinguish people bc you can say "you are" or "you aren't" |
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Agency |
the power to be in charge of your actions -intention and purpose involved |
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Structure |
rules and original structure of a society -ex. in ours time is a structure |
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Subject position and subjectvity |
having diff aspects of identity bc no one is completely one type of thing |
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Ideology |
set of beliefs and ideals promoted by someone who will profit from it |
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Hegemony |
accept things on a subconscious level- ideology become hegemony. An understood truth and "normal" Race is now a hegemony when before it never was even a thing |
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contradictory consciousness |
"good sense" rather than "common sense" -being critical of hegemony |
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counter hegemonic resistance |
action taken in response to a "good sense" appraisal |
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Discourse |
language evolving in order to accommodate your world view -ways ideologies are expressed and terms and labels are used that never existed bf race came about -ex. mentioning race in a story about someone |
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Race |
a social, historical, and political category defined in biological terms SOMETHING WE INVENTED |
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WHAT IS RACE and WHAT IS IT USED FOR |
-a device -justify bad things -does cultural and social work -symbol of knowledge system -way of interpreting the world -seeks to locate explanation of inequality inside the individual person |
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WHAT RACE DOES |
it automatically gives internal definitions of people based on their external features BUT THESE THINGS DONT DETERMINE EACHOTHER |
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racial thinking |
competency correlates with degree of racial mixing |
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discent groups |
regulate marriage, residence, property rights, inheritance, access to political polls... |
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hypodescent |
you inherit the descent group of the parent who has the lowest rank of race |
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African and Cherokee by Choice (reading) |
Hard to be Cherokee and black at the same time -both were "inferior" but one was better -what culture would they go to? |
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Your DNA is our History (reading) |
-Indian Child Welfare Act -before this, Indian children were removed from families bc outside people didn't understand the circumstances -Now Indian children are back with Indian people |
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Treaty of 1866 |
granted previous Cherokee slaves to have all the rights of native Cherokees NOW IT IS IN QUESTION |
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Curtis Act (1898) |
abolishes tribal courts -violation of Cherokee sovereignty |
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IF CHEROKEE WANTS TO BE SOVREGN NATION |
THEN... -no fed recognition -no money -no gaming |
