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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Upper house of India's Parliament?
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The Council of States
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How many members are in the Council of States and describe how they are elected.
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250 members.
238 elected to 6 year terms in state legislatures using proportional representation, 12 appointed by president to represent arts and sciences professions. |
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What is the Lower House of India's Parliament?
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The House of People
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Which house of Parliament is the most powerful?
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The Lower House: House of People
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How many members are in the House of People?
How are they elected? |
552 members.
530 elected by voters in states. 20 elected by territories. 2 seats reserved for Anglo-Indians. |
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What problems are associated with the House of People?
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It under-represents India's population as a whole.
Approximately 1 representative per 1-2 million citizens. |
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Why do we study India?
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• Technically the world’s largest democracy
• India is an extremely diverse society. It is an example of how many different cultures can exists side-by-side politically • India’s economy possess incredible potential, which makes it an important world player • India is a nuclear power. Unfortunately, so is its foremost antagonist (Pakistan). |
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What are the geographic features of India?
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• One of the largest countries in the world
• Most of India is rural, but it has some of the most densely populated cities in the world • Large, diverse population • The diversity of India is similar to that of the United States. |
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How is India's economy not being utilized efficiently?
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agrarians having lots of kids, not finding work, and moving into the cities with their large families. Though they have enough food to feed most of their population.
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What centuries did Buddhism and Hinduism occur in India?
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• 6th thru 4th centuries BC
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When and by whom was India unified for the first time by?
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the Gupta Dynasty (300-500 AD)
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Why in the 11th century are the Muslim Invasions important to India?
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Important because they attacked only Northern India.) what that does is it creates a religious division. Northern becomes muslim, while southern is Hindu.
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Who invades India in the 16th century and takes over? Why are they successful?
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The Mughals. They allowed local leaders to remain in power (which is one of the reasons why democracy continues to grow in India.)
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In 1757 ____ ____ defeats the ________ ________ at ________ which leads to ___ ____ rule.
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Robert Clive, Bengali Army, Plassey, Great Britain's
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Why did Great Britain use India?
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To control most of the Asian subcontinent
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Which is more important and why? Hinduism or Buddhism?
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Hinduism, because it uses the Caste System to define society.
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How many members are in India's Supreme Court?
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26 Justices
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Why is India's Supreme Court not as free to use Judicial Review compared to the U.S.'s Supreme Court?
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India's constitution is not as ambiguous as the U.S. constitution. Not up for interpretation.
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How old is a Supreme Court justice when he has to retire?
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65
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There has been a particularly long feud between the Supreme Court and ____?
Why? What resulted from this in the 1990s? |
Parliament.
Parliament is technically sovereign, so they want control of Judicial Review of Constitutional Amendments. Courts discovered corruption and infighting in Parliament and led to the fall of the Congress Party. |
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Why is Federalism a good fit for India?
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They are a large and diverse nation.
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India's constitution creates a _____ republic. Creates a _____ form of government. Is the constitution ruled by religion?
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Federal; parliamentary; no, the constitution is secular.
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What religion deeply influences India and why?
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Hinduism; One major aspect of Hinduism is the idea of the caste system, meaning upward mobility is non existent.
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What is structural violence?
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social and economic oppression built into the system.
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What is the biggest problem facing India's economy?
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Population control.
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The modern Indian economy can be characterized as an economy dominated by the ______.
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state
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India was influenced by the economic policies of __________________
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Great Britain during the Raj
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There have been very little in India’s past to explain their current economic state. Why?
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Because they have been (and still are) very agrarian
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The Indian constitution gives the president power to abrogate freedoms when there is a _______
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“Grave emergency"
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Who does the Indian president have to appease before using his presidential powers?
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Council of Ministry
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What does the Indian President do?
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Often serves as a mediator in electoral disputes that occur, appoints regional governors (state governors), and is the Commander in Chief.
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What are the characteristics of Federalism in India with regard to the State Governments?
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State Governments are arranged much like the National Government.
President appoints the regional Governor. States have been weak in the past but are growing in prominence and becoming more influential in the national government. |
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How is India's Political Party system different today than in the past?
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Used to be 1 party dominant.
Now highly fragmented with multiple parties. |
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What ONE party was highly dominant through most of India's history?
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Indian National Congress
(the Congress Party) |
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What major Political Party is the Hindu Nationalist Party?
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Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
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What is the risk of the growing power of regional political parties?
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Each party represents a particular state or cluster of states, which could cause the party to work to benefit only their state of origin if they gain national power. This could lead to conflict between other states.
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What four main ideas define the British Raj?
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• Power maintained by setting groups against one another, and establishing military dominance. This deflects them from focusing on British.
• Also allowed some existing leaders to maintain power. • Great Britain was able to maintain power with very few people in the region • The Raj led to reunification and many social reforms. (Use of Machiavelli) |
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What event in 1857 led to workers fighting against the Raj?
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The Indian Mutiny, which exposed the first cracks in the political system of Great British rule in India.
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The _____ ______ ______ was created in _____ (year)
(hint: A type of congress) |
Indian National Congress, 1885.
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What was adopted by the creation of the Indian National Congress?
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A parliamentary system, which was a copy of British parliament.
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Describe the long lasting effects of the Massacre at Armristar?
(Two main bullet points) |
Indian National Congress wants complete independence (instead of just a voice), Gandhi helps to spearhead drive towards this independence.
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What act was created in 1935 to help Indians out with British rule?
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The Government of Indian Act
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When were the first elections in India and what else occurred the same year?
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1937, and a new constitution was drafted as well.
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What leads India's independence?
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Internal Conflict
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Where are Hindus and Muslims located within india before India was split into two nations?
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Hindus - South
Muslims - North |
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Which two leaders discussed independence first to have a unified India?
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Gahdi and Nehru... independence first, then settle conflict?
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Describe Indian society.
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Highly diverse (religions, languages, cit/country divide, rich/poor divide) influenced by Hinduism, influenced by the concept of structural violence, and is impacted by many other religions.
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Has state control of industry relaxed in India?
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Yes, it has. Over the past 20 years
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The President is more of a ______ when compared to our president
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Figurehead
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Prime Ministers are usually the people at the head of the victorious political party; however, this is not the case in India. Who, then, is at the head and why?
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Whoever is most charismatic (example of Personality Leadership). People are going to vote for candidates that they like. The friendlier a candidate, the more likely he is to win.
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Who appoints the members of Council of Ministers?
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The prime minister
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How many members are in the Council of Ministers?
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45
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Explain the Council of Ministers.
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Large body (45 members) and inefficient.
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How long can the president of India serve?
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Two renewable 5 year terms through an electoral college.
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India is dominated by the ______ party.
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The Congress Party
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Which Muslim leader wants to partition India? Does he win? How?
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Mohammed Ali Jinnah. yes he does. Because British government supports a different nation (Pakistan) to quell religious conflict.
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When does India gain its independence?
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August 15th, 1947.
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What ensues after India is split?
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Mass migration and movement.
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Was the 5 year plan successful in India?
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The 5 year plan had decent success in agriculture but was not successful in other areas.
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