Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
When did large numbers of people begin to migrate into India?
|
1500 BC
|
|
|
Why was this migration into India important?
|
It brought together people with different customs and ideas
|
|
|
What were the earlies immigrants called?
|
Aryans
|
|
|
Who were the Aryans?
|
warriors and herders who came from eastern Europe and western Asia
|
|
|
What age in Indian history did the arrival of the Aryans start?
|
The Classical Age in India
|
|
|
How long did the Aryan migration take?
|
hundreds of years
|
|
|
What are some reasons the Aryans might have come to India?
|
drought, famine, invaders, or disease
|
|
|
Where did the Aryans settle?
|
the region of the Indus Valley known as Pakistan
|
|
|
With whom did the Aryans compete for farmland?
|
The native people of India
|
|
|
What advantage did the Aryans have over the native people of India?
|
horses
|
|
|
How did the Aryan lifestyle change in India?
|
Originally they had been herders of cattle, goats, horses and sheep. In India they became farmers.
|
|
|
What is the most important in India - cities or villages?
|
villages
|
|
|
In what aspects of Indian culture and beliefs can Aryan ideas still be seen?
|
Sanskrit, the Vedas and Hinduism
|
|
|
What is Sanskrit?
|
the Aryan language upon which many modern Indian languages are based
|
|
|
What are the Vedas?
|
4 of the holiest Aryan books that are sacred writings describing the Aryan religion
|
|
|
What is Hinduism?
|
the religion that developed from the Aryan religion
|
|
|
How many gods are there in Hinduism?
|
three main gods with many other lesser gods beneath them
|
|
|
Who are the 3 gods of Hinduism?
|
Brahma the Creator
Vishnu the Preserver Shiva the Destroyer |
|
|
What do Hindus believe?
|
- people live many lives until they reach spiritual perfection;
-people are reborn into higher and lower social positions depending on if they obey their religious teachings and lead good lives will be reborn into higher social positions -animals have souls -cows are holy -many believe in being vegetarian |
|
|
What is reincarnation?
|
rebirth in a new body after death
|
|
|
What did the Aryan priests use the Vedas and the belief in reincarnation for?
|
to give order to their society
|
|
|
Why did the Aryans divide their society into social classes?
|
to follow the Vedas
|
|
|
What 4 social classes did the Aryans have originally?
|
-priests
warriors farmers and merchants common people |
|
|
What caste did the Aryans add in India?
|
a caste for the conquered Indians
|
|
|
What is a caste?
|
A group within a social class that is rigid and unchangeable
|
|
|
To what do the Indians compare the caste system?
|
The human body
|
|
|
Who were the Brahmans?
|
priests and scholars that Indians compared to the head of the body
|
|
|
Who were the Kshatriyas
|
the rulers and warriors that Indians compared to the arms of the body
|
|
|
Who were the vaisyas?
|
the farmers and merchants that Indians compared to the legs of the body
|
|
|
Why were the Sudras
|
the laborers, craftworkers and servants who Indians compared to the feet of the body
|
|
|
Who were the untouchables?
|
People who did all the unpleasant jobs in Indian society - thought to be impure - had to avoid contact with the rest of society (even shadow)
|
|
|
What new religion appeared in India in the 6th century and challenged the rituals and caste sytme of Hinduism?
|
Buddism
|
|
|
Where do we get the information we know about the man called Buddha?
|
from information written many years after his death
|
|
|
What do we know about Budda
|
- his real name was Siddhartha Gautama
- he was born in northern India in 563 BC - he lived a comfortable life as a child - his father gave him everything he wanted and protected him from seeing the suffering of the common people - at 30 he went outside the walls of his palance for the first time and saw suffering - he wanted to spend his life finding out why there was so much suffering and how suffering could be ended -studied with Brahman priests for awhile - studied and meditated until he realized that people should seek love, truth , the joy of knowledge and a calm mind - at this point Siddharthat became the Budda |
|
|
What does Buddha mean?
|
the Enlightened one
|
|
|
How are Buddists different than other religions?
|
- No organized church
- No written holy books - Aimed only to set an example for others through unselfish and peaceful behavior |
|
|
What is Nirvana?
|
a feeling of happiness, peace and complete understanding
|
|
|
How do people achieve Nirvana?
|
By following the Noble Eightfold Path:
- proper concentration - controlling feelings and thoughts - freeing one's mind from evil - having a job that hurts no one else - saying nothing to hurt others - deciding to resist evil - knowing the truth |
