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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Indus River
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river that empties into the Arabian sea
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Ganges River
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river in northern India that runs south of the Himalayas and into the Indian ocean
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monsoons
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strong wind that blows one direction in the winter and the opposite diretcion in the summer.
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subcontinent
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large landmass that is part of a continent but distinct from it
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Himalayas
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highest mountain in the world, in southern Asia
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Hinduism
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religion of India that stresses that one main force connects all of life
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caste system
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social system in which a person's place is determined by the rank of the family into which (s)he is born
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reincarnation
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belief that people move in constant cycle of life, death, and rebirth
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dharma
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laws and duties that guide the behavior of each caste member
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Buddhism
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religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama which teaches that the most important thing in life is to reach peace by ending suffering
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monk
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man who devotes his life to a religious group
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karma
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end result of a person's good and bad acts, which determines his/her rebirth
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Four Noble Truths
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principles that rule life and promise an end to suffering
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Eightfold Path
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basic rules of behavior and belief leading to an end in suffering
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middle way
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way of life, neither too strict nor too easy
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Siddhartha Gautama
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known as the Buddah (enlightened one), started Buddhism
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Sanskrit
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written language developed by the Aryans
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guru
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religious teacher and spiritual guide in Hinduism
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nirvana
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state of wisdom and freedom from the cycle of rebirth
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theocracy
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government ruled by religious leaders
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dynasty
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long line of rulers from the same family
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stupas
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Buddhism shrine shaped like a mound or dome
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pilgrim
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person who travels for religios reasons
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Aryans
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people from central/ south Asia who conquered Harappans and developed the caste system and Sanskrit
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Brahman
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in Hinduism, universal spirit from which all gods/ goddesses are different parts
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peninsula
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body of land with water on 3 sides (michigan)
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colonies
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settlement in a new territory that keeps close ties with its homeland
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polis
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early Greek city-state, made up of a city and the surrounding country side and run like an independent country
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acropolis
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large hill where people sought shelter and safety in times of war and met to discuss community issues
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agora
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open areas that served as a marketplace and meeting place
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jury
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group of citizens chosen to hear evidence and make a decision in a court of law
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citizen
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person with rights and responsibilites in his/her community or counrty- in ancient Greece, only males could be citizens
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assembly
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lawmaking body of government made up of a group of citizens
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tyrant
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person who takes power by force and rules with absolute power and authority (form of government is called a tyranny)
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oligarchy
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government in which a few elite (wealthy and powerful) people rule; olig means few; archy means rulership
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democracy
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government in which all citizens share in the running of the government; 1st democracy started in Athens, Greece; deno means people; cracy means rulership
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monarchy
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government ruled by a king or queen; mono means 1; archy means rulership
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city-state
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independent state made up of a city and the surrounding land and villages
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sparta
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largest of the ancient Greece city-states
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Athens
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city-state in ancient Greece which developed into a democracy; most powerful of the city-states, 1st olympics
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helots
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person who has conquered and enslaved by the Spartans
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Persia
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area which is now southwestern Iran
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satrapies
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20 states into which Darius divided the Persian Empire
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satrap
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official who ruled a state in the Persian Empire under Darius
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Zoroastrianism
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Persian religion; taught that humans had the freedom to choose between right and wrong and that goodness would win in the end, monotheistic
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direct democracy
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system of government in which ALL people gather and make decisions (vote) on government matters
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representative democracy
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system of government in which people elect others to speak for them on governmental matters
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Pericles
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great Athenian general and statesman; expanded democracy by allowing lower class male citizens to run for political office
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myths
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traditional story describing gods or heroes or explaining natural events
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Mount Olympus
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highest mountain in Greece; in Greek myths, believed to be home to 12 most important gods/goddesses
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oracle
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sacred shrine where a priest (ess) spoke for a god(dess)
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Delphi
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ancient Greek city and site of the oracle at the temple of Apollo
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epics
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long poem that tells about legendary or heroic deeds
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Homer
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Greek poet and author of the epics "the lad" and "the odyssey"
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Aesop
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Greek slave known for his fables
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fable
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short tale that teaches a lesson
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drama
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story told by actors who pretend to be characters in the story
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tragedy
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form of drama in which a person struggles to overcome difficulties but meets an unhappy ending
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comedy
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form of drama in which the story has a happy ending
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Sophocles
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Greek general and writer of tragedies
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Euripides
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Greek playwright known for his tragedies that questioned traditional thinking
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philosophy
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study of the nature and meaning of life
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philosophers
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thinker who seeks wisdom and ponders questions about life
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Macedonia
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powerful kingdom north of Greece and ruled by Philip II
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Philip II
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king of Macedonia; conquered Greek city-states and controlled Greece in 338 B.C.; wanted to expand his empire but was murdered
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Alexandria
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large city in Egypt built by Alexander the Great; one of the most important cities of the ancient world; center of business and trade
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Alexander the Great
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general and son of Philip II; continued his father's plan and extended Greek/ macedonian rule across 3 continents
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legacy
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what a person leaves behind when (s)he dies
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Hellenistic Era
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period of time when Greek ideas and language spread to non Greek peoples of southwest Asia
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Epicureanism
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philosophy that taught happiness through the pursuit of pleasure was the goal of life
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Stoicism
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philosophy that taught that happiness came not from following emotions but from following reason and doing one's duty
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Jerusalem
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capital of Israel
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Judaea
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Judah 1 of 2 kingdoms of Israel
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messiah
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deliverer sent by God
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Jesus
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Jew who preached values of love and forgiveness ; performed many miracles and wanted people to turn away from bad deeds; crucified and rose from the dead; Christianity founded by his ideas
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Nazareth
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home of Jesus
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Galilee
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region north of Judaea where Jesus preached his ideas
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disciples
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close followers of Jesus
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parables
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story that used events from everyday life to express spiritual ideas
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resurrection
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act of rising from the dead
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apostles
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early Christian leader who helped set up churches and spread the message of Jesus
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Peter
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1 of 12 disciples; early leader in Christianity and founder of the Catholic church
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Paul
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persecuted Christians but later converted to Christianity; spread word of Jesus to non-Jews (gentiles)
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salvation
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act of being saved from sin and allowed to enter heaven
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persecute
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to mistreat a person because of his/her beliefs
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martyrs
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person willing to die rather than give up his/her beliefs
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hierarchy
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organization with different levels of authority
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clergy
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religious officials, such as priests, given authority to conduct religious services
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laity
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church members who are not clergy
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doctrine
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official church teachings
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gospel
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"good news"; 1 of 4 accounts of Jews' life, teachings, and resurrection
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pope
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bishop of Rome; later head of the Roman Catholic Church
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icons
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Christian religious image or picture
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iconoclasts
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person who opposed use of icons in churches, saying that icons encouraged the worship of idols
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excommunicated
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to declare that a person or group no longer belongs to the church
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monasteries
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religious community where monks live and work
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missionaries
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person who travels to carry the ideas of religion to others
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