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178 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ideology
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set of values or ideas that we use to make sense of the world we live in
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codified ideology
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we don't think about them anymore
ex: laws |
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dominant ideology
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what most people believe and accept as normal
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myth of classlessness
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we believe we will get the best
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folk artist
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the only person they have to worry about is themself. they create entertainment for their own enjoyment
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mass artist
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trying to please other people and sell art commercially
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fine artist
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not dependent on the audience or technology, but still they want to entertain others
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cognitive response
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intellectual response
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effective response
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tastes, visions, understandings. shaped by one's past. natural, normal and can't be argued
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Humans are a product of ________
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ideologies
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conflict (4 types)
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man vs. man
man vs. self man vs. nature man vs. society every story must have one |
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exposition
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setting, time, weather, place, era etc. It's boring but we must know it
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suspension of disbelief
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we accept certain things that don't make sense (Jurassic Park)
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rising action
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moving towards something (many events)
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obligatory moment
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protagonist and antagonist must confront eachother for final resolution (climax)
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Ideology
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set of values or ideas that we use to make sense of the world we live in
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codified ideology
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we don't think about them anymore
ex: laws |
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dominant ideology
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what most people believe and accept as normal
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myth of classlessness
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we believe we will get the best
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folk artist
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the only person they have to worry about is themself. they create entertainment for their own enjoyment
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mass artist
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trying to please other people and sell art commercially
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fine artist
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not dependent on the audience or technology, but still they want to entertain others
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cognitive response
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intellectual response
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effective response
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tastes, visions, understandings. shaped by one's past. natural, normal and can't be argued
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Humans are a product of ________
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ideologies
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conflict (4 types)
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man vs. man
man vs. self man vs. nature man vs. society every story must have one |
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exposition
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setting, time, weather, place, era etc. It's boring but we must know it
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suspension of disbelief
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we accept certain things that don't make sense (Jurassic Park)
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rising action
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moving towards something (many events)
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obligatory moment
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protagonist and antagonist must confront eachother for final resolution (climax)
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tension releasers
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bits of comedy that allow the audience to laugh and break the tension of rising action
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alternation
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funny w/ tense, funny w/ fear, etc. to create a rhythm
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artificial construction
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obligatory moment is UNREAL
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well-made
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creates best suspense. romanticized to what we want to see
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romanticism
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rose colored vision of the world
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villain and hero must be ________
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equal
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deus ex machina
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"god of machine". divine rescue. luck that allows the hero to win the equal match with the villain
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formulaic
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storytelling that is predictable in order to keep the audience interest
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thematic content
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challenges the way we think, often attacking dominant ideology
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denouement
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summarizes what has taken place
ex: mysteries |
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de rigeur ending
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ending that is so familiar that it becomes rigid. predictable because of repetition
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O Henry ending
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a story that has a sudden ironic twist and therefore many layers
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irony
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when something has 2 or more meanings in direct contrast with eachother. fate plays tricks on someone
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ambiguity
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actions have multiple effects that cannot be predicted
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tragedy
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(individual) someone heroic must have a tragic flaw and fall from grace (suffering) which leads to enlightenment
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hubris
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pride. classic flaw of tragic hero
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catharsis
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purging of pity (for fellow man) and fear (for our safety)
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comedy
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(group) man cannot fail to achieve what is expected of him. STEREOTYPES. guaranteed survival.
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3 things that guarantee survival
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1. money and wealth
2. sex 3. food |
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character
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in the presence of someone real. emotional ambiguity=wide range of conflicting emotions
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situation
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we identify with this and not the stereotype. it's what makes prescribed characters interesting
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drama
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empathy with a singular realistic character
ex: American Beauty |
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comedy
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comic detachment from characters
ex: the office (british) |
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melodrama
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empathy with the situation
ex: Grey's Anatomy |
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farce
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comic detachment from the situations
ex: Everybody Love Raymond |
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zipkoon
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loud, obnoxious, urban, black character. simple, lazy etc.
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Thomas "Daddy" Rice
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pioneered minstrel shows in 1828 from variety shows at small town theaters
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Black face characters
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Northern concepts of what blacks look like. "Jim Crow"
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Dan Emmett
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(1843) wrote southern anthem "Dixie" and put together performers to travel the countryside
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Bert Williams
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pioneer in black performing. refused stereotypes. first black to perform in white minstrel shows
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TOBA
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Theater Owners Booking Association (aka Tough on Black Asses)
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E.P. Christy
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added one white face to minstrel show and came up with the formula of arch of performers in front of arch of chorus
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Al Jolson
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greatest performer of his time. epitomized acting style of minstrel shows
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Why were minstrel shows popular? (3)
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1. unsophisticated humor for rural America
2. exaggeration of the stupidity of blacks 3.white performers took black comedy and "cleaned it up" |
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Stephen Foster
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premier composer for minstrel shows. "O Susanna", "Camptown Races"
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bravura
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comic exaggeration. tradition of over the top performing styles
exs: Jim Carrey, Will Ferrell, Kramer |
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1890
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minstrel shows got competition from burlesque, vaudeville and motion pictures
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the gaze
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the power to look at someone or something (usually the masculine prerogative)
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media standards of beauty
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impossible
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Burlesque had been....
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the idea of looking at women's bodies
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Commedia del arte
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European street theater with pronounced stereotypes leads to burlesque
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zanni
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clowns based on ethnic stereotypes that were loud buffoons.
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lazzis
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improvised, fast, humorous bits performed originally by zannis
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soubrette
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classic woman clown. usually wisecracking older woman with running commentary on the heroine's actions
ex: Karen from Will and Grace |
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"The Black Crook"
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(1866) beginning of burlesque, combined french ballet and melodrama. negative connotation
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"Mazeppa" and Ida Aza Menken
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play about serving wench who falls in love with prince saves him and is killed. SCANDALOUS because of showing of body. Ida=actress
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living tableaux
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stage of 3-dimensional pictures
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Sliding Billy Watson and his beef trust
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chorus girls were 6' tall and 250 pounds (standard of beauty at the time)
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old burlesque
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comedians and parody (formless)
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new burlesque
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sex jokes and strippers (c. 1915)
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formless comedy
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no particular structure. improvisational. audience involvement
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double entendre
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2 meanings (one is usually sexual or vulgar)
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ad libbing
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creating the humor as you go along. the audience decides
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episodic
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moments can be interchanged with eachother
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topicality
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references within the current time frame to make the audience laugh (relevance)
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Minsky's
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peak of burlesque. family owned clean theaters, but by 1936 burlesque in driven out of NYC
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scatological
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designed to be about subjects that offend people
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how does NEW differ from OLD burlesque? (6)
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-linear rather than episodic
-straight man/stooge setup -emphasis on scatological and double entendre -mechanical in nature -sex becomes part of humor -more bravura |
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modern burlesque
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Family Guy, Beavis and Butthead, etc.
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vaudeville
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-reaction to "seediness" of burlesque
-about being wholesome -stereotypical humor -appealed to working class -variety acts |
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Tony Pastor
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opened Pastor House for wholesome entertainment in 1881
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Keith Albee Circuit
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system that wanted to standardize vaudeville acts, so they moved away from spontaneity
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Orphuem Circuit
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biggest circuit, major cities
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Pantages Circuit
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southern California circuit
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George Burns
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stand up comic. wife Gracie Allen is the straight man to his stooge, this fails so they switch roles and succeed
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UBO
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United Booking Office (NYC). helped circuits run and reviewed acts for big circuits
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Tin Pan Alley
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traditional, comfortable, 2.5 minute songs with nice, rhyming melodies and themes that everybody loves
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monolgist
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talk and give monologues (very popular)
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sketch act
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doing small parts of plays and sketches
ex: Marx Brothers |
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eccentric acts
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did as many odd things as one could possibly imagine, unique
ex: little man with big feet |
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malapropisms
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confusing 2 words that sound similar to create an atmosphere about the character
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developmental comedy
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linear. must go in a specific order to make sense
ex: Who's on first |
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verbal circumlocution
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talking around a misunderstanding. never quite working out the confusion
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3 E's
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exaggeration (of stupidity of stooge), elaboration (starts simple and gets complicated), escalation (each time they return to the joke it gets faster)
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First mass art
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publishing (beginning in the 1850's)
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Gentlemen's Press
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(1790's-1840's) publishing houses that wrote fiction under the pretense that only certain people could write and read. authors must pay to get their work published
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Edgar Allen Poe
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created American short story and detective genre. tales of horror and suspense. oppressed by gentlemen's press
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Penny dreadfuls
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cost a penny for 3-4 pages of sensational journalism
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mid 19th century newspapers
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political, partisan press
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Dime novels
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(1850's-1915ish) little magazines with 3-6 chapters of a longer story
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3 major events in movement toward mass publishing
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1. rotary press- lettering on a drum
2. synthetic glue- less effort and less drying time 3. U.S. mail system |
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Beadle Brothers
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created idea of dime novel.
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Anna Stevens
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"The Indian Wife of the White Hunter". about a taboo subject, but the woman dies, so people read it.
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COVERS of dime novels
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cheaply produced and printed, depicted exotic places
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women's readership
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important at this time, and Stevens was significant because she was thought to be able to read women
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Pulps
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(1890's-1950's) rooms of people cranking out novels to a formula and a deadline
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Buffalo Bill
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most important dime novel character.
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E.C.Z. Judson
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aka Ned Buntline. discovered Bill Cody (Buffalo Bill) and wrote about him
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Horation Alger
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always the same story, (young man in terrible conditions who rises to middle class; business ethics)
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Puritan work ethic
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comes out of beliefs of Puritan settlers. believe religious dogma of work and faith
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Pulp tradition
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romanticized violence and sex
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cover come-on
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fancy covers to attract buyers
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Max Brand
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wrote dozens of western stories (most popular kind) and received 10 cents a word
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The narrative hook
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first paragraph that usually had nothing to do with the story in order to capture the reader's attention. (In TV=teaser). chapters ended with cliffhangers
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Triple O
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-object of desire
-obstacle to getting it -outcome |
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Purple prose
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bravura language. designed to move the eye along the page so that you have to read quickly. alliteration, colorful, descriptive words
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Black Mask Magazine
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only different pulp writers, created by Cap Shaw. wanted to write something more conflictive. attacked dominant ideology
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Dashiell Hammett
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wrote the classic, hardbioled detective (Sam Spade)
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Raymond Chandler
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wrote about people that wanted to do the right thing, but could not
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Amazing Stories
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first science fiction pulps
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Jules Verne
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made comeback in 1930's. most popular stories were "Center of the Earth" and "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea"
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"The Shadow"
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first super human pulp, precursor to comic books
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Spicy pulps
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pulps that were designed to be saucy and dangerous, suggesting the possibilities of what men and women might do
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Margaret Burnbage
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illustrated covers for pulps. had a great ability to draw sexy women
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Pulps establish _________ ________
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melodramatic tradition
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Film was used to...
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socialize people, particularly immigrants
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Thomas Edison
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gathered scientists. by 1895 he had the most copyrights. claims no one can make a motion picture without paying him because he owns all the patents=WAR
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W.L. Dickson and Edwin S. Porter
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worked with Edison to create his films
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Edward Maybridge
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first to consider art of photographing motion (horse trotting bet)
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persistence of vision
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illusion of eyes. image stays on eye a fraction of a second longer than the object is there
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Auguste and Louis Lumiere
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created first true motion picture and projected it on a screen. stationary cameras with objects moving in front of them
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kinetoscopes
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Edison had it backwards: he used these to show motion pictures to ONE person at a time
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nickelodoen
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small, quickly thrown together movie house (in stores etc.) showing 35-40 minutes of short film at a time
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Sam Eastman
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Edison makes a deal with him to form MPPC.
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MPPC
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Motion Picture Paten Company
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Biograph and Vitagraph
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2 early movie studios
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editing
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first appears in 1902 when audiences grow tired of static, silent short films
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Georges Melies
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began to use film as a means of telling stories, manipulation of film image, plasticity
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plasticity
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the ability of any medium to be shaped or molded
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long shot
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moment between when a camera starts and stops, distant
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fluidity
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ability to move a camera through space while recording an event
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straight cutting
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edit in which continuity of action and chronological order is maintained to create a narrative sequence
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jump cut
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breaks down time, space and narrative action. create a surprise
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closeups
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chest and up. EMOTIONAL
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establishing shot
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clarifications, recognizable
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subjective camera
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through eyes of character within the scene
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objective camera
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no particular viewpoint
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medium shot
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neutral shot, no involvement or detachment, good for dialogue
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shot reverse shot
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pattern of cutting between 2 speakers (basis of illusionism)
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illusionism
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telling a story so simplistically that the audience never gets confused. closed frames, most films
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180 degree rule
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cannot go past 180 degrees in any given shot
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high angle shot
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shooting up to give appearance o granduer
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low angle shot
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reduces object
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D.W. Griffith
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begins to create idea of illusionistic style. "The Girl and her Trust". pan and traveling shot
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mise en scene
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placing on stage
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expressionism
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about philosophy. filmmaker must have a unique vision of the world. audience should get confused sometimes and be forced to think differently. highly symbolic. intellectual and not emotional
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"Cabinet of Dr. Caligari"
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(1919) German, start of expressionism. distorted settings, props, events, etc.
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Vladimir Pudovkin and Sergei Eisenstein
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soviet expressionists
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montage
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juxtaposing images to create a desired emotional effect
ex: commercials |
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"Strike"
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Eisenstein's first feature film. cross cutting images that comment on eachother
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"Battleship Potemkin"
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(1925) about a sailor mutiny, visual metaphors and symbols. Odessa steps: symbol of montage.
3 lions: anger of citizens is coming to life |
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collision montage
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continuity, logic and narrative progression are lost for feeling and mood
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open frame
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allows action to spill in and suggest life outside the frame
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decentralization
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difficult to gauge what's important, everything in the shot takes equal weight
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chiaroscuro
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gradual shading of light to dark. give appearance of 3-dimensionality. low-key lighting
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low key lighting
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take away 2 of the 3 light for more dramatic shadow
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3 point lighting
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takes away shadows and makes face easy to see
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high value contrast
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black vs. white (no in between) created tension and anxiety
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