In Addition To Wendy's Ethics Notecards

Front 1

What is the difference between ethics and morals?

Back 1

Morals refer to behaviors with custom or tradition and ethics is the study of right and wrong

Front 2

What does ethics use to inquire into the justification of an individual’s actions in a particular situation?

Back 2

Specific rules, theories, principles and perspectives.

Front 3

Can an action be ethical while not morally right?

Back 3

Yes, for example owning slaves or abortion.

Front 4

What are Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development?

Back 4

Punishment-obedience orientation
Personal interest orientation
Good boy-Nice girl orientation
Law and order orientation
Legalistic, social contact orientation
Universal ethical principles orientation

Front 5

What is moral outrage?

Back 5

When they perceive that others are behaving immorally.

Front 6

What is the difference between moral outrage and moral distress?

Back 6

In moral distress, the nurse is an active member. In moral distress, the nurse does not participate in the act.

Front 7

According to professional ethics, the RN’s first allegiance is to:

Back 7

The patient

Front 8

What type of things can be valued?

Back 8

Idea, person, way of doing things or an object

Front 9

What is a value set?

Back 9

Your “list” of values

Front 10

What is your value system?

Back 10

Your value set with the values ranked on a continuum ranked from most important to least important.

Front 11

What are attitudes?

Back 11

Mental dispositions or feelings toward a person, object or idea

Front 12

What are the three components of attitudes?

Back 12

Cognitive (thinking)
Affective (feeling)
Behavioral (doing)

Front 13

What is the difference between values and attitudes?

Back 13

Attitudes are the way you feel about something and values urge you to do something about it.

Front 14

What is a belief?

Back 14

Something that one accepts as true

Front 15

What is a personal value system?

Back 15

A set of values that you have reflected on and chosen that will help you lead a good life.

Front 16

How does one attain values?

Back 16

Social interaction

Front 17

What is value neutrality?

Back 17

When we attempt to understand our own values regarding an issue and know when to put them aside, when necessary, to become nonjudgmental when providing care to clients

Front 18

When you treat people with consideration, believe patients’ stories about the course and symptoms of their illnesses, and protect patients who are unable to decide for themselves, you are demonstrating:

Back 18

Autonomy

Front 19

What question do you ask yourself when considering the principle of nonmaleficience?

Back 19

“Does this treatment cause more harm or more good to my patient?

Front 20

What oath do doctors and nurses take that states that health care providers are to cause no harm to patients (nonmaleficence)?

Back 20

Physicians’ Hippocratic Oath and Nurse’s Nightingale Pledge

Front 21

When weighing the risks and benefits of an action, you are actually balancing:

Back 21

Nonmaleficence and beneficence

Front 22

Describe paternalism.

Back 22

Treating others like children because you think you know what is best

Front 23

What does paternalism inhibit in a client? What does this action prevent?

Back 23

Autonomy, respect for the patient

Front 24

There are different levels of fidelity. Some promises are very important while others are less significant. Are the larger promises more important than the others?

Back 24

No. Breaking any promises breaches fidelity with your client.

Front 25

It is often easy to tell the truth? What is the difficult part of veracity?

Back 25

Determining how much of the truth to tell.

Front 26

Systems of thought (theories) that are the basis for the differing perspectives people have in ethical situations.

Back 26

Moral framework or philosophical framework

Front 27

Theories do not define a right or wrong answer. They are a ________ through which you can look to examine an ethical problem

Back 27

lens

Front 28

How do you perform the most comprehensive analysis of an ethical problem?

Back 28

By using more than one framework to analyze an ethical problem.

Front 29

Consequentialist theories, the rightness and wrongness of an action depends on:

Back 29

the consequences of the act and not the act itself

Front 30

What is another name for consequentialist theories?

Back 30

Teleology

Front 31

What is the most familiar consequentialist theory? In this theory, the value of an action is determined on its:

Back 31

Utilitarianism

usefulness

Front 32

What does the principle of utility state?

Back 32

That an act must result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people

Front 33

Deontology is the opposite of the _________________ model.

Back 33

Utilitarian

Front 34

Deontoloty considers an action to be right or wrong ___________ of its consequences.

Back 34

independent

Front 35

Deontology is also called:

What does that term mean?

Back 35

formalism

decisions are based on moral rules and unchanging principles

Front 36

What does the principle fo the categorical imperative state?

Back 36

That one should only act if the action is based on a principle that is universal

Front 37

What can motives do to decisionmaking?

Back 37

Motives may place more weight on one of the conflicting univeral principles to make a decision more clear

Front 38

Feminist ethics focus on principles that are more feminine. What are some of these principles?

Back 38

Love, relationships, caring, nurturing, sympathy

Front 39

Feminist ethics value __________ over using universal principles.

Back 39

relationships

Front 40

The ethics-of-care philosophy has a focus that emphasizes:

Back 40

specific situations of the individual patients within the context of their life narrative

Front 41

Professional codes of ethics are:

Back 41

formal statements of a groups expetations and standards for professional behavior generally accepted by members of the profession.

Front 42

There are two major codes of ethics applicable to nurses. They are:

Back 42

International Council of Nurses and the ANA

Front 43

The Patient Care Partnership outlines the ______________ of the _______________.

Back 43

Rights
Patient

Front 44

Certain areas in health care are more controversial than others. Name some common ethical problems related to healthcare.

Back 44

AIDS
Abortion
Allocation of goods and services
Confidentiality
Advanced Directives
DNAR orders
Assisted suicide
Euthanasia
Extraordinary measures to prolong life
Withdrawing life-sustaining devices
Informed consent
Organ transplantation
Reproductive technology

Front 45

Values clarification is a personal activity that helps one:

Back 45

become conscious of and naming ones values

Front 46

What is an ethicl dilemma?

Back 46

a situation in which a choice must be made between two equally undesirable actions

Front 47

The MORAL model is an example of a decision-making model. What are the steps?

Back 47

Massage the dilemma
Outline the options
Resolve the dilemma
Act by applying the chosen options
Look back and evaluate

Front 48

A good compromise is one that:

Back 48

Preserves the integrity of all parties

Front 49

What does an ethics committee do?

Back 49

Write guidelines and policies, provide education and counseling, review ethical dilemmas and provide a forum to explain options