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120 Cards in this Set
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. Aka "Acetate of Soda" . Diuretic .urinary .systemic acidifier .▪ Antacid, and Alkalinizing agent in Benedicts Solution/reagent ( DUSA)
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Sodium acetate (NaCH3COO) |
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Aka "Soda Saleratus ,Salde Vichy, Soda acid Carbonate" . Carbonating agent .systemic antacid SE :rebound hyperacidity, edema, alkalosis ( REA) |
Sodium bicarbonate |
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2 nd MOST ABUNDANT EXTRACELLULAR ANION |
Bicarbonate |
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Aka "Fleet Enema" Cathartic or laxative ▪ COMPONENT OF BUFFER ▪ Treatment of cystitis (Zea mays) ▪ Urinary Acidifier ▪ NEEDED IN THE ABSORPTION OF METHENAMINE |
Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate |
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Aka " leucogen" • water soluble • Antioxidant (Reducing agent) – considered as one of the most powerful RA/preservative |
Sodium Bisulfite (NaHSO3) |
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Aka "Washing SODA/SODA ASH/CALCINED SODA" .Antacid .Carbonating agent |
Sodium Carbonate |
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Aka "Rock/Table/Solar salt" .Preservative .Electrolyte replenisher . Tonicity adjuster .Preservative |
Sodium Chloride |
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ANTIDOTE for Silver Poisoning |
Sodium chloride |
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Alkalizer, Buffer, Diuretic, Expectorant Shorten the coagulation time (parenterally) |
Sodium citrate |
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specific test for citrate (4A – Carbon |
Denige’s Test |
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Anticariogenic (2% solution) |
Sodium fluoride |
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Aka "Caustic soda, sosa, lye" .Saponifying agent (hard soap) |
Sodium hydroxide |
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Reducing agent |
Sodium Hypophosphite |
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Dakin’s Solution- aka “Chlorox®”, “Bleaching Powder" .Bleaching agent .Disinfectant . Oxidizing agent. ( BDO) Diluted DAKIN’S SOLUTION (– Labarraque’s solution) • 2.5% conc |
Sodium Hypochlorite |
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. Expectorant, • Iodine Solubilizer (helps dissolve I in water) • Antifungal • Used for the treatment of GOITER |
Sodium Iodide (NaI) |
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used to treat arrhythmias cause by overdosed class 1 antiarrhythmia drugs |
Sodium lactate |
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• Antacid, • Diuretic • Eletrolyte Replenisher |
Sodium lactate |
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Graham’s Salt |
Sodium Metaphosphate |
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aka “Chile Salt Peter”/ Peru Salt Peter/SALITRE .Meat Preservatives • Produced by Guggenheim process • Lunge Test – most sensitive test for NITRATE • Nitrate yields off white ppt with Millon’s reagent |
Sodium Nitrate |
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Aka "Natrium, Nitrosum" .Cyanide poisoning . Vasodilator |
Sodium Nitrite (NaNO2) |
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aka “Glauber’s Salt” ; Sal mirabilis
• Primarily used in themanufacturing of detergents and paper• Cathartic |
Sodium Sulfate (NaSO3) |
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Primary standard for KFR (Karl Fischer Reagent) |
Sodium Tartrate (Na2C4H4O6) |
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Hypotensive agent |
Sodium Thiocyanate (NaSCN) |
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Aka "“Hypochlor” • Cyanide poisoning with Na nitrite VS in iodometry and permanganometry • Used in photographic processing and paper • Discovered by John Herschel • Acts as sulfur donor for the conversion of CN and SCN |
Sodium Thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) |
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. Diuretic salt Diuretic, Urinary and systemic alkalizer , antacid |
Potassium Acetate (KCH3COO) |
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"Potassium Acid Carbonate, Salaeratus" • Systemic Antacid • Carbonating Agent for effervescent prep. • source of Bicarbonate ion |
Potassium Bicarbonate (KHCO3) |
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"Cream of tartar Creamor, Argol" • By-product of wine making • Laxative |
Potassium Bitartrate (KC4H5O6) |
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• Depressant • used for IR Analysis |
Potassium Bromide (KBr) |
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"Potash ,Salt of peter, Perlash, Salt of Wormwood" • Antacid, • Carbonating Agent, • Carbonate source • Used to manufacture glass |
Potassium Carbonate (K2CO3 |
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Aka “Bertholate Salt” Oxidizing agent Component in toothpaste, gargle & mouthwash |
Potassium Chlorate (KClO3) |
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"Kalium Chloratum,Kali Chloridum" .Electrolyte replenisher (Note: SLOW push) • Fertilizer • CHARTULA .Lethal Injection (last drug administered: Thiopental, Pancuronium, KCl |
Potassium Chloride (KCl) |
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• Diuretic • Expectorant • Diaphoretic |
Potassium Citrate (K3C6H5O7) |
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aka “Fowler’s Solution |
Potassium Arsenite |
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aka “Caustic Potash”, “Lye Potash” • Saponifying agent (soft soap) |
Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) |
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Aka "Kalium Jodatum" • Antifungal • Expectorant, • Iodine Solubilizer |
Potassium Iodide (KI) |
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aka “Salt Peter”, “Salt Prunelle”, “Salitre” • Meat Preservatives |
Potassium Nitrate (KNO3) |
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aka “Mineral Chameleon” • Oxidizing Agent (strong) • Antidote for Strychnine Poisoning |
Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4) |
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aka “Rochelle Salt”, “Sal Signette” • Cathartic, • Sequestering Agent • Used in silver mirrors |
Potassium Sodium Tartrate (KNa2C4H4O6) |
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aka “Liver of Sulfur” • used in the treatment ofPsoriasis • mixture of potassium polysulfides and potassium thiosulfate • used in the preparation of white lotion • used in parasitic condition, acne |
Sulfurated Potash[K2SO4/(K2Sx)2] |
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aka “Nessler’s Reagent” • an alkaline solution used to detect Ammonia |
Potassium tetraiodomercurate(II) (K2HgI4) |
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REAGENTS THAT WILL PRECIPITATE POTASSIUM: ( STP) |
-Sodium Cobaltinitrite -Tetraphenylboron -Perchloric Acid |
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• Catalyst in polymerization of resin forming material • 46th most abundant element .Used as a getter to remove all tracers of other gases from vacuum chamber • first element discovered by means of Spectroscope • EXPLOSION of CHERNOBYL POWER PLANT |
Cesium |
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• 22nd most abundant • used in the manufacture of vacuum tubes and cathode ray tubes (CRTs) and atomic clocks • used sometimes in fireworks • Flame Test: Reddish Violet |
Rubidium |
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used in density gradient Centrifugation |
Cesium Chloride |
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• due to its instability and rarity, there are no commercial applications • all isotopes are also radioactive and have a half-life of 5 mins • MOST UNSTABLE OF NATURALLY OCCURING ELEMENTS • ONE OF THE LEAST ABUNDANT ELEMENT IN THE EARTH’S CRUST • “eka-caesium” / actinium K • One of the least electronegative elements > also Cs |
Francium |
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o Hypothetical alkali metal • Synthesis: Haber’s Process o Pcol action: -Anti-cariogenic (like Fluoride) -Buffer -Diuretic -Expectorant (like Iodide) |
Ammonium (NH4) |
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"Baker's Ammonia, Sal volatile Preston Salt, Hartshorn ,Ammonium Sesquicarbonate" (BSPHA) • Respiratory Stimulant • Expectorant • Antacid .Basis of smelling salts (aromatic spirit of ammonia |
Ammonium Carbonate (NH4)2CO3] |
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Aka "Spirit of Hartshorn, Spirit sal volatile" -Respiratory stimulant |
Aromatic Ammonia Spirit |
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aka “Muriate of Hartshorn” -Diuretic -Urinary acidifier -Expectorant ( DUE) CI: Impaired hepatic function Treatment for Brominism |
Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl) |
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-Source of iodide -Expectorant, • Antifungal ( SEA) |
Ammonium Iodide (NH4I) |
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aka “Spirit of Minderesus” • Buffer component -Styptic |
Ammonium Acetate (NH4CH3COO) |
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aka “White Precipitate” • Topical Anti-infective |
Ammoniated Mercury (HgNH2Cl) |
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used to separate Bismuth from copper & cadmium |
Ammonium Hydroxide |
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Can occur in free metal state, Complexes/chelates |
Coinage metal |
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- Only reddish metal, 3rd most malleable, 3rd best conductor - Protein precipitant, Enhances physiological utilization of iron -Component of hemocyanin and cytochrome oxidase (Deficiency: Hypochromic anemia) - Alloys: Brass (+ Zn), Bronze (+ Sn) -Wilson’s disease | D-Penicillamine |
COPPER (Cuprum) |
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•aka “Blue stone”, “blue vitriol” -Component of Benedict’s, Barfoed’s, and Fehling’s • Antidote for phosphorus poisoning • Component of Bordeux mixture - algicide and fungicide in swimming pool -Increase hematinic activity of Fe |
Copper Sulfate (CuSO4) |
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Is a chemical test used to differentiate between water-soluble carbohydrate and ketone functional groups |
Fehling's solution |
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is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of monosaccharides. |
Barfoed's Test |
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• luminous vomiting • garlic odor • Red Phosphorus is non-toxic, while White/Yellow Phosphorus is toxic form of phosphorus |
Phosphorus poisoning |
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• “Paris green” • Insecticide (suicidal drug in the past) |
Copper Aceto Arsenate [Cu2(AsO3)2 Cu(C2H3O202] |
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“Hatchett’s Brown” Astringent in 8% concentration
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Cuprous Citrate |
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(bright, argentum, shining,) BAS- Black ppt with Marsh’s Test • Only metal with oligodynamic action -Protein precipitant • 2nd most malleable metal • 2nd best conductor of electricity T&A- Argyria- darkening of the skin|NSS & NACI |
Silver (Ag)
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• “Lapiz Infernularis”• “Lunar Caustic” • “Indelible Ink” • “Caustic Pencil” • Pharmacology:- Treatment of warts - Antiseptic for eye of baby with gonorrheal mother (gonococcal opthalmitis) -1% for ophthalmia neonatorum -0.5% for wet dressing in wounds |
Silver nitrate (AgNO3) |
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• “Howe’s Solution” • Dental protective and desensitizing agent • Tollen’s Reagent |
Ammoniacal Silver Nitrate [Ag(NH3)2NO3] |
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Is a chemical reagent most commonly used to determine whether a known carbonyl-containing compound is an aldehyde or a ketone |
Tollens' reagent |
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• treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis & Monilia albicans • extended use, may result to Argyria & Nephritis |
Silver Trinitophenolate |
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(Aurum”, Shining dawn, King of all metals, Purple of Cassius •Most malleable & ductile • Best conductor of electricity • Antidote: BAL (Dimercaprol) |
Gold |
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• Most toxic metal • Least metallic among the alkaline earth metals. -Never employed in medicine because it is the most toxic metal • Use in fluorescent lighting industry • Can cause lung carcinoma, chronic granuloma |
Beryllium (Be) |
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• Lightest of all structurally important metals • 2nd most abundant INTRAcellular cation • Metal present in chlorophyll • Compound of Grignard’s reagent- industrial production of drug • Also constituent of bones and teeth • Cofactor of phosphate transferring enymes Antidote: Ca gluconate |
Magnesium |
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aka“Epsom salt” -Cathartic (PO) -Anticonvulsant (IM) -Antiphlogistic – Reducing inflammation or fever; anti-inflammatory. - Eclampsia -Antidote for Ba and barbiturate toxicity |
Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) |
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aka “Magnesia” - Laxative -Antacid -Carbonating agent |
Magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) |
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aka “Milk of Magnesia” “Magnesia Magma Causes diarrhea o Antacid o Laxative o packed w/ Blue Bottle (for aesthetic purposes) |
Magnesium Hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] |
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aka “Calcined Magnesia” - Antacid, Laxative -Component of universal antidote |
Magnesium Oxide (MgO) |
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Antacid (Adv: prolonged action) -Use: Protective coating |
Magnesium trisilicate [2MgO 2SiO2 nH2O] |
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“Talc”, “Soap Stone”, “French Chalk” -Softest mineral known o ADsorbent o Filtering aid o Clarifying agent o Dusting powder to gloves |
Hydrated Mg silicateaka |
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aka “Lemonada Purgante” - • Cathartic |
Magnesium Citrate [Mg3(C6H5O7)2] |
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• 2nd most abundant EXTRAcellular • Flame test: Brick Red - Vitamin D |
Calcium |
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• Sedative • Depressant |
Calcium Bromide (CaBr2) |
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“Precipitated Chalk”, “Prepared Chalk” ( PICAE) • Primary standard for EDTA•Ingredient of tootpaste, dentrifices •Carbonating Agent • Antacid -Elutriation |
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) |
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aka “Muriate of Lime, Fosforo de Homberg" • Calcium replenisher (Electrolyte Replenisher) • Popular trade name: Capsebon-electrolyte replenisher |
Calcium Chloride (CaCl2 |
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• Calcium Supplement & Replenisher • Antidote for Magnesium Poisoning |
Calcium Guconate |
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aka “Slaked Lime”, “Milk of Lime”, “Calcium Hydrate” • Antacid; • Saponifying Agent • used in infant’s milk formula to prevent the curlding of milk to improve the digestibility of it. |
Calcium Hydroxide |
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• the recommended calcium salt as electrolyte replenisher because it provides an optimum ratio of 1:1 Calcium to Phosphorus. |
Dibasic Calcium Phosphate (CaHPO4) |
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aka “Lime”, “Quicklime”, “Calx” • Component of Bordeaux mixture • Insecticide |
Calcium Oxide (CaO) |
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aka “Chlorinated Lime”, “Chloride of Lime” • Bleaching Agent, • Disinfectant |
Calcium Hypochlorite [Ca(ClO)2] |
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aka “Plaster of Paris”, “Gypsum”, Terra Alba” Rodenticide, • Preparation of surgical casts & Dental Impression , • Dentrifices |
Calcium Sulfate [CaSO4 |
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CaSO4 ● 2H2O • Terra alba • USES: preparations of dental impressions and surgical cast |
Gypsum |
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aka “Brass Yellow” metal • Flame Test: Crimson Red • Use in production of red pyrotechnics (flares) • can replace Calcium in bone formation • radioactive used in diagnostic to scan &study bones • used to hasten bone (mineralization in diseases such as Osteoporosis) |
Strontium (Sr) |
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• temperature desensitizing agent (Sensodyne®) • Active ingredients in Sensodyne • ADR: darkens the teeth |
Strontium Chloride (SrCl2) |
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used in treatment of osteoporosis |
Strontium Lactate |
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aka “Heavy” • Flame Test: Yellow Green • salts are used in Green Pyrotechniques • is an insoluble phosphates • Toxicity: Baritosis• Antidote: Magnesium Sulfate (Epsom Salt) |
Barium |
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radiopaque substances used for GIT imaging • causes Constipation |
Barium Sulfate (BaSO4) |
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-Radioactive element used for cancer radiotherapy & diagnostic purpose • most soluble hydroxide salt • first radionuclide 1901/ radioactive substance discovered by Marie Curie • Becquerel (SI unit) • used for: Cancer Radiotherapy Diagnostic Purpose |
Radium |
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Rinman’s Green Test (AKA Cobalt green) • Metal in insulin • Constituent of carbonic anhydrase enzyme - Parakeratosis -Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. • Container for batteries & dry cell • Coating for galvanized iron • Pharmacology- Astringent, Antiseptic, Antiperspirant, Protectant - Metal Fume Fever | NaHCO3 |
Zinc |
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is used to assess the purity of human pancreatic islet preparations used for transplantation into patients with type 1 diabetes. |
Dithizone |
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It is a mode of keratinization characterized by the retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum, and is seen in the plaques of psoriasis. |
Parakeratosis |
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• Burnet’s disinfecting fluid, Butter of Zinc• Escharrotic • Antiseptic in mouthwashes (e.g. Bactidol, Astring-osol) • Topical protectant, Dentin desensitizer • Use as corrosive |
Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) |
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aka “Zinc White” • Flowers of Zinc • Component of Lassar’s paste and Calamine lotion -Antiseptic, protective, astringent • Ladd’s paste |
Zinc Oxide (ZnO) |
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aka “White Vitriol” • Emetic • Astringent, • Ingredient of White Lotion, USP w/ Sulfurated potash -ophthalmic astringent in 0.25% sol’n Pharmaceutical necessity in white lotion |
. Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO4 7H2O) |
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aka “Natural Calamine” • Topical Protectant, Anti-itch • makes Calamine pink |
Hydrated Zinc Silicate |
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• Cement • Dental protective, Dentrifices |
Zinc-eugenol |
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-ZnO + Fe2O3 -Anti-Itch Lotion is a topical analgesic and skin protectant drug product. |
Caladryl |
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• Alloy of Zinc • A mixture containing 30% ZnS and 70% BaS. |
Llthopone |
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• Cadmium induces the synthesis of metallothionein - Metallothionein acts to protect certain organs such as testes. - Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis - use Manufacture of Stink Bomb Toxicity: itai-itai Disease” Antidote: BAL (Dimercaprol) |
Cadmium (Cd) |
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It is used medically in treatment of arsenic, mercury, gold, lead, antimony, and other toxic metal poisoning |
Dimercaprol |
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• Emetic, • Anti-infective • Treatment of Tinea Infection |
Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2) |
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aka “Yellow Sulfide” -Anti-Seborrheic Dermatitis/ Anti-dandruff • Component of Capsebonâ |
Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) |
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• Ophthalmic Antiseptic |
Cadmium Sulfate (CdSO4) |
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aka “ “Messenger of Gods”, Quicksilver”, “Liquid Silver” • SOURCE:- Cinnabar/Aethrop’s mineral (hgS) • Industrial Uses: -Manufacture of Thermometer -Formation of Amalgams Pcol action - Diuretic, Antiseptic, Treatment of syphilis, Cathartic, Parasiticidal/fungicidal Poisoning: Minamata disease Antidote: EDTA |
Mercury |
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Alloys of mercury |
AMALGAM: |
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Emergency antidote-1 egg white for each 250 Mercuric Chloride, to induce emesis |
Albumin |
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best Antidote for mercury |
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxynate |
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• Calomel • Cathartic • Local antiseptic |
Mercurous Chloride (Hg2Cl2 |
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aka “Corrosive sublimate” • Also Mercury Bichloride • Disinfectant |
Mercuric Chloride (HgCl2) |
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-Anti−syphilis • Stimulant for indolent ulcers - An indolent ulcer is a defect in the cornea that is unable to heal due to a layer of denatured tissue on the surface of the eye. |
Mercurous Iodide (Hg2I2) |
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• antiseptic • Mayer’s reagent • Test for alkaloids |
Potassium Mercuric Iodide (K2HgI4) |
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• “White Precipitate” • Topical antiseptic/ anti−infective |
Ammoniated Mercury |
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“Yellow Precipitate” • Ophthalmic antibacterial |
Mercuric Oxide (HgO) |
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w/ Potassium Iodide produces a solution known as Valser’s Reagent |
Red Mercuric Iodide |
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reduces the acidity of the urine, thereby, being useful in for the relieved of the symptoms of the cystitis/inflam of the urinary bladder |
alkalinizer |
