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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is anatomy? |
Anatomy is the form of the body, and its compositions/muscles/bones, ect. |
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What is Physiology? |
Physiology is how the body works |
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What are the 3 different muscle structures? |
There are 3 different muscle tissues: Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac |
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What do tendons connect to? |
muscles |
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What do ligaments connect to? |
bones |
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What are the three ways to work a muscle? |
Strength, endurance, and power |
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What is muscle endurance? |
The amount of time that a person can engage a muscle. |
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How do you make muscles grow? |
Overload and Adaptation |
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Define Power |
Power is the amount of work over time |
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Define Strength |
Strength is the amount of weight that a person can lift |
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What are the two different types of muscle hypertrophy |
Myofibril Hypertrophy and Sarcoplasmic Hypertrophy |
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What is GPP? |
General Physical Preparedness |
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What is SPP? |
Specific Physical Preparedness |
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What does isotonic mean? |
When the muscle tension stays the same but the length changes |
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What does isometric mean? |
When the muscle length stays the same but the tension changes |
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What does isokinetic mean? |
When the muscle tension stays the same but the speed changes |
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What are the three major components of weight loss therapy? |
1. Dietary Therapy 2. Increased Physical Activity 3. Behavioral Therapy |
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What are the two main parts of the nervous system? |
The peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system |
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What structures are the nervous system comprised of? |
The brain and spinal chord |
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What is thermodynamics? |
The study of heat and energy |
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What are the seven levels of organization in an organism? |
Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism |
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What are lipids made of? |
Triglycerides |
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What determines whether a fat is Mono or Polyunsaturated? |
The amount of triglycerides |
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Name a disaccharide |
Sucrose |
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Name a disaccharide |
Sucrose |
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Name a polysaccharide |
Glycogen |
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Name the three groups of carbs |
Starches, sugars, fibers |
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What is a calorie? |
A measurement of energy
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What are the different components of disease? |
Genes, and lifestyle |
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What is homeostasis? |
The condition of equilibrium in the bodies internal environment |
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What elements are carbs composed of? |
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen |
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What elements are fats composed of? |
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen |
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What elements are fats composed of? |
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen |
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What are the different types of lipids? |
Fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids |
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What do phospholipids do? |
They make membranes |
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What are amino acids made of? |
Polypeptides |
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What is the function of enzymes? |
They catalyze and speed up metabolic functions |
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What is the currency of energy? |
ATP |
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What are the different types of cellular respiration? |
Aerobic and anerobic |
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What is the fundamental structural unit of an organism? |
Cells |
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What are the three BCAAs? |
Leucine, Isoleucine, and Valine |
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What is insulin made of? |
Protein |
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Where is glucagon secreted? |
In the liver |
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What is hydrolysis? |
The breakdown of glucose |
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What are ketones? |
Fats broken down for energy |
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Where in the body is pepsin made? |
In the stomach |
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Where does carb digestion begin? |
In the mouth, with amylase |
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What are the two most important systems in the body? |
The nervous system and the endocrine system |
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What is responsible for digestion in the stomach? |
Hydrochloric acid and pepsin |
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What percentage of the body is water? |
65% |
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What is blood pressure? |
The force that blood is pushed through the vessels |
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What is whole grain? |
The grain with the wheat, germ, and endosperm left intact. |
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What are refined grains? |
Only the endosperm |
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What is the primary function of the erector spinae? |
It protects the spine |
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Name the four rotator cuff muscles |
Supraspinatous, Infraspinatous, Subscapularis, Teres Minor |
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What are the hamstrings made of? |
Semitendinosuss, Semimembrinosuss, and Biceps Femoris |
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Name the two hip bones |
Illium and ishium |
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What connects the veins to the arteries? |
Capillaries |
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Where are hormones secreted? |
In the glands |
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What is muscle endurance? |
The ability to move the body or an object repeatedly without getting tired. |
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What blood vessel is oxygen rich? |
Arteries, because they have to distribute oxygen throghout the body |
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What is the function of veins? |
Veins take oxygen poor blood and bring it to the lunges to be filled with oxygen |
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Name the three types of hormones |
Lipids, steroids, and amines |
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What is cholesterol? |
A hormone made out of lipids |
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What is cortisol? |
A steroid hormone |
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What gland regulates hormones? |
The hypothalamus |
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What are the starting materials for all cell membranes in the body? |
Phospholipids and cholesterol |
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What is the role of cholesterol? |
It helps make up cell membranes, and it is used by the body to make Vitamin D |
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What is the function of Vitamin D? |
Normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the blood. |
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What is required to break down glucose for energy? |
Oxygen |
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What are saturated fats? |
Carbons that have hydrogen atoms |
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What are the fat soluble vitamins? |
A, E, D, and K |
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What are extra amino acids used for? |
Energy |
