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5 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Alkelai and Kalischer
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Orthodox rabbis who broke with Orthodox beliefs.
Influenced by Nationalism movements in Europe. Saw Zionism as Jews answer to oppression. God helps those who help themselves, Jews must occupy Holy Land to be better Jews |
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Moses Hess
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Wrote book: Rome and Jerusalem, the Last Nationality
Jews have ancient home in Jerusalem, should remake it like Italians did with Rome |
Jews will never be accepted in Europe (Social Darwinism + Nationalism = anti-semitism)
Religious AND Nationalist persecution |
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Smolensky, Lilienbloom, Pinsker
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Russian Zionists who believed Jews should assimilate into their national societies UNTIL:
-Pogroms of 1881 and -Assassination of Alex II (pro-jewish rights Russian emperor) Jews are persecuted horribly, need a national home for ourselves |
Lilienbloom: 3 options
1) Do nothing, genocide/persecution persists 2) Convert to Christianity, but still be unaccepted for a while 3) Create Jewish state so Jews are equal to others/safe |
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Theodore Herzl
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After Dreyfus Affair (French jew framed for spying for Germans) ramped up anti-semitism in France, realized jews will always be persecuted even in Liberal states
Jewish State is a necessity Wrote book: "Jewish State" |
founded:
First Zionist Congress (1897) -But many critics, -orthodox jews thought this was "hurrying the Messiah," -reform jews thought anti-semitism would pass Pressured Turks, Euro-powers to create jewish state and end persecution |
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Alfred Dreyfus
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"Dreyfus Affair" - French Jew arrested and framed for spying on France for Germans.
Catholic Church/French Army framed him and vamped up anti-semitism |
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