Important Info For The Bone Test

Front 1

Shapes of the bones? Examples of each

Back 1

Long bones- femur, humerous, short bones- Carpals, flat bones- Parietal, irregular bones- Vertebrae

Front 2

Function of bones?

Back 2

Support, storage of Calcium phosphate, Blood cell production, protection, leverage

Front 3

Cells in bones? (3), and function

Back 3

Osteoblasts: Produce bone matrix, builds around itself until it is trapped

Osteoclasts: Destroy bone cells (Giant cells)

Osteocytes: Mature bone cell, most abundent

Front 4

Bone marrow?

Back 4

Loose connective tissue

Front 5

Compact bone? Location?

Back 5

Solid, stress in limited direction, osteons. Located in the diaphysis and layers covering bone surfaces

Front 6

Spongy bone? Location?

Back 6

Has alot of air spaces; lightens. Allows for stress in many directions. Red marrow is present. Located in the epiphysis

Front 7

Periosteum?

Back 7

Covers bones. Isolates bone from other tissue, route for vessels and nerves

Front 8

Endosteum?

Back 8

Cellular, lines marrow cavity and inner surfaces

Front 9

Macro Structure: Name 1-10

Back 9

1: Proximal Epiphysis

2: Diaphysis

3: Distal Epiphysis

4: Spongy bone

5: Articular cartilage

6: Compact bone

7: Marrow cavity

8: Endosteum

9: Periosteum

10: Blood vessel

Front 10

Osseous Tissue? (Micro)

Back 10

Suportive connective tissue with calcium phosphate matrix and collagen fibers

Front 11

Lamellae? (Micro)

Back 11

Sheets of calcified matrix (rings)

Front 12

Canaliculi? (Micro)

Back 12

Channels interconnect lacunae and blood; contains cytoplasmix extensions

Front 13

Osteon? (Micro)

Back 13

Basic functional unit of compact bone

Front 14

Central and Perforating canals? (Micro)

Back 14

Central: Blood vessels

Perforating: Connect vessels of central canals

Front 15

Trabecuale? (Micro)

Back 15

Rods or plates in spongy bone

Front 16

Microscopic Structure: Name of 1-10

Back 16

1: Lamellae

2: Central Canal

3: Endosteum

4: Osteons

5: Artery

6: Vein

7: Periosteum

8: Perforating canal

9: Compact bone

10: Trabeculae

Front 17

Intramembranous Ossification: Ossification? Intramembranous? Ossification center? Examples?

Back 17

Ossification: Process of replacing other tissue with bone

Intramembranous: Osteoblasts differentiate within embryonic or fetal fibrous connective tissue (skull, clavicle)

Ossification Center: Place where ossification occurs

Ex. Flat bones of skull, mandible, clavicle.

Front 18

Endochondral Ossification: Appositional growth? Example? Steps in the process?

Back 18

Appositional Growth: In diameter; periosteum turns into osteoblasts.

Ex. Most bones in the body, femur, humerous etc

Front 19

Similarities between Endochondral Ossification and Intramembranous Ossification

Back 19

Stem cells turn into blasts, spongy bone and an increase of blood vessels, remodeling of the bone

Front 20

Differences between Endochondral Ossification and Intramembranous Ossification

Back 20

Intra: Dense connective tissue to bone, stem cells turn into blasts, connective tissue.

Endo: Hyaline cartilage to bone, stem cells turn into blasts, perochondrium

Front 21

Endochondral Ossification. Label and list steps

Back 21

Steps:

1: Enlarging chondrocytes, die as matrix calcifies

2: Newly devoloped osteoblasts cover the shaft on the cartilage in a thin layer of bone

3: Blood vessels penetrate the cartilage. New osteoblasts form a primary ossification center

4: The bone of the shaft thickens and cartilage near each epiphysis is replaced by shafts of the bone

5: Blood vessels invade the epiphysis and osteoblasts for a secondary center for ossification

1: Enlarging chondrocytes

2: Disintergrating chondrocytes

3: Epiphysis

4: Diaphysis

5: Marrow cavity

6: Blood vessel

7: Epiphyseal cartilage