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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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economic motives
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-new markets
-make money -expand and control foreign trade acquire raw materials & cheap labor -compete for investments and resources -export technology and transportation methods |
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exploratory motives
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-explore "unknown" territories
-conduct scientific research -find new trade routes -need detailed maps -medical search for causes and treatment of diseases |
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religious motives
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-spread Christianity
-spread European values and morals -educate people of other cultures -protect European missionaries |
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political motives
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-compete with other countries
-gain power -expand territory -gain prestige by winning colonies -boost national pride and security |
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ideological
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-based on belief that white man's race was superior
-Europeans should "civilize" native people -Social Darwinism -only strongest will survive -great nations should have empires |
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David Livingstone
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-missionary who traveled across Africa for many years and wrote about them w/ more sympathy and less bias than others
-in order to end slave trade, open up the interior of Africa to Christianity and trade |
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King Leopold of Belgium
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-hired Henry Stanley to explore Congo River basin and arrange trade treaties
-exploited Congo for copper, rubber, and ivory -horrifying stories of torture, drastic population declines -later turned over to Belgium rule |
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Berlin Conference
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-European powers met at international conference in Berlin, Germany
-began to claim parts of Africa without consent of Africa itself -recognized Leopold's private claims to Congo but called for free trade on Congo and Niger Rivers -European power could not claim any part of Africa unless set up gov't office there |
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Belgium Congo
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-Leopold's private possession
-blackmailed native chiefs -slavery & torture |
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White Man's Burden
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-white man's responsibility to civilize other races
-more superior |
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Boer War
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-Britain acquired Cape Colony in S. Africa from Dutch in 1806
-Boers migrated north -later discoveries of gold and diamonds in Boer republics lead to war -constitution lead to apartheid |
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resistance among native Africans
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-Algerians battled French for years
-Samori Toure fought French in West Africa -Asante seemed to have nothing left, put themselves under command of Queen Yaa Asentwaa -Maji-Maji Rebellion of 1905 -scorched earth policy |
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Menelik II
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-modernized Ethiopia
-hired European experts to build modern roads, bridges, and set up Western school system -imported weapons and European officers to train army |
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British East India Company
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-main goal: to make money
-helped India build roads, preserve peace, and reduce banditry -introduced Western education and legal procedures -tried to convert people to Christianity -tried to end slavery and improve position of women in society/family |
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Sepoy Rebellion
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-sepoy regiments marched to Delhi
-bitterly massacred British men, women, children -bitter legacy of hate and mistrust -Parliament ended rule of East India Company and put India directly under British control -sent more troops to India, taxing India to pay cost -slowed reforms, but continued to boost economic growth |
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Suez Canal
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-built by British for India
-allows navigation between Europe and Asia |
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benefits of British rule
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-modernized India with technology
-built roads and railroads -new methods of communication -Suez Canal -introduced medical improvements -new farming methods -brought peace and order, revised legal system to promote justice for Indians regardless of class -upper class benefited -sense of national unity |
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"knife of sugar"
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-sweet benefits but also painful consequences
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Ram Mohun Roy
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-combined both views
-wanted to revitalize and reform Indian culture while feeling that India can learn from West |
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Indian National Congress
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-mostly professional and business leaders who believed in peaceful protests to gain ends
-greater democracy, more power to Indians -eventual self-rule and Western style modernization |
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Muslim League
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-began to talk about own state
-division between Hindus and Muslims |
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trade deficit
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less profit
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balance of trade
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exporting more than imported
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Opium War
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-British had Chinese addicted to opium
-economy failed -Chinese bombed British opium cargo ships -Chinese lost |
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Treaty of Nanjing
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-gave Britain huge payment for losses in war
-gained Hong Kong -China had to open five ports to foreign trade and grant British citizens in China extraterritoriality -"most favored nation clause" |
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Open Door Policy
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-equal trading rights for all
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Taiping Rebellion
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-most devastating peasant revolt in history
-won control of large parts of China -crushed by regional governor and generals |
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Three Principles of People
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1)nationalism
2)democracy 3)economic security |
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"There are some who say we have no right in Africa at all, that "it belongs to the natives." I ｈｏｌｄ ｔｈａｔ ｏｕｒ ｒｉｇｈｔ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ ｎｅｃｅｓｓｉｔｙ ｔｈａｔ ｉｓ ｕｐｏｎ ｕｓ ｔｏ ｐｒｉｖｄｅ ｆｏｒ ｏｕｒ ｅｖｅｒ－ｇｒｏｗing population - either by opening new fields for emigration, or by providing work and employment ... and to stimulate trade by finding new markets."
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Frederick Lugard
British empire builder |
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"I state openly that superior races have rights over inferior races.. Superior races have this right because they have a duty. They have a duty to civilize inferior races.. France cannot be just a free nation..."
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Jules Ferry
French politician and imperialist |
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"The great seaboard powers [of Europe]..cherish...aspirations for commercial extension, for colonies, and for influence and distant regions, which [will[ bring...them into collision with ourselves...[The US must] have its sea frontier so defended...."
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Alfred T. Mahan
U.S. Navy captain |
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"It is our duty to seize every opportunity of acquiring more territory and we should keep this one idea steadily before our eyes that more territory simply means more of the Anglo-Saxon race, more of the best, the most human, most honorable race the world possesses."
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Cecil Rhodes
British imperialist |
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"All great nations in the fullness of their strength have wished to set their mark on barbarian lands, and those who fail to take part in this great rivalry will play but a pitiable role in future events."
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Heinrich von Treitscheke
German historian |
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The second great idea of which the Anglo-Saxon is the exponent is that of a pure spiritual Christianity...That means that most of the spiritual Christianity in the world is found among Anglo-Saxons..."
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Josiah Strong
U.S. Congregational Church minister |
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"We hold that the policy known as imperialism is hostile ot liberty and tends toward militarism, an evil from which is has been our glory to be free..."
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American Anti-Imperialist League
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"...However well educated and clever a native may be, and however brave he may prove himself, I believe that no rank we can bestow on him would cause him to be considered equal of the British officer"
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Lord Kitchener
commander of British army in India |
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"A single shelf of a good European library is worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia"
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Thomas Macaulay
British historian and visitor to India |
