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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What were the main industries in Scotland pre-war? |
Fishing, steelworks, shipbuilding, coal mining, textiles and agriculture. |
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How was Shipbuilding impacted during the Great War? |
Several yards on the Clyde taken over for warship production, and yards received dozens of orders for warships, with building costs being covered by the Royal Navy who also paid extra to ensure the yards profited. |
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How was shipbuilding impacted post-war? |
Yards initially had a boom as they worked to replace civilian ships sunk in the war. Afterwards the industry went into decline due to the Navy cancelling warship orders and foreign competitors taking up the market. Yards such as Beardmores attempted to diversify but research costs and the cost of getting new equipment meant diversifying was expensive and a failure. |
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How was the coal industry impacted during the Great War? |
Mine workers who received poor wages before the war received much better wages following the Government nationalising the mines to ensure productivity. |
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How was the coal industry impacted post-war? |
Mines were returned to their original owners, who paid miners low-wages. Lack of investment in equipment and foreign competition led to the closure of many small pits. Worker-Mine owner clashes further harmed the industry and its reputation. |
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How was the steel industry impacted during the Great War? |
Demand for steel spiked due to it being needed in the RN's warships. 90% of the Navy's armour was made from Scottish steel. Scottish steel production had nearly doubled by 1918 compared to pre-war levels. |
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How was the steel industry impacted post-war? |
Other countries had increased their own steel production and Scotland was out-competed by foreign industries. Scrap steel from obsolete Royal Navy ships and from the scuttled German High Seas Fleet also entered the market at very low prices, making comparatively expensive Scottish steel uncompetitive. |
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How was fishing impacted during the Great War? |
The war caused a halt in the export of fish to Russia, Germany and Poland. Fishing boats were commandeered by the Royal Navy to act as minesweepers. Initially, all fishing was banned in the North Sea due to the threat from the Germany Navy but this ban was gradually lifted. |
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How was fishing impacted post-war? |
The Navy returned 1140 steam powered and 100 motor powered boats to fishermen and offered compensation if their ships were damaged. However many boats were write-offs and inflation raised the prices of new equipment, fuel and wages, thus damaging the industry. |
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How was agriculture impacted during the Great War? |
The War saw large numbers of farmers join the military, meaning the Women's Land Army had to step in. Farming was geared towards making Britain self-sufficient in the face of the Germans' U-Boat campaign. Some farms were taken over by the Government to ensure productivity. Large areas of land were taken over for farming, even in the Highlands of Scotland where the land was mostly unsuitable. |
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How was agriculture impacted post-war? |
Mechanisation which was brought in during the war kept productivity high, but the fewer men needed to operate machines meant unemployment rose. Britain became self-sufficient but cheap imports such as tinned Australian fruit and frozen lamb from New Zealand out-competed local produce to an extent. |
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How was the textile industry impacted during the Great War |
Wool production was hit hard as the Government claimed 70% of all produced for the military, creating a supply shortage in the civilian sector. Cotton was largely unaffected until a 1917 raw-material shortage led to restrictions. Jute industry boomed due to the military's need for sandbags. Jute industry in Dundee employed around 25% of the city's male population. |
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How was the textile industry impacted post-war? |
Prices for Jute collapsed post-war and the removal of the British Government's trade restrictions re-opened the threat of foreign competition and military sandbag orders vanished. Unemployment sky-rocketed in areas such as Dundee and many companies went into liquidation. Most of those that remained amalgamated into Jute Industries Ltd. |
