Immuno/micro Usmle World I

Front 1

RPR or VDRL

Back 1

- patient's serum mixed with sol'n of:
cardiolipin
cholesterol
lecithin
- aggregation demonstrates presence of cardiolipin Abs in pts serum
- it detects abs to human cellular lipids released into bloodstream after destruc by T. pallidum
THIS IS A NONTREPONEMAL TEST - if +, you go on to FTA-ABS test
- done first because it's an easy and inexpensive test

Front 2

FTA-ABS test

Back 2

specific for T.pallidum
- done after + RPR/VDRL
- detects Abs against T. pallidum
- mix pts serum with whole killed T.pallidum
- confirms dx

Front 3

most common neurological complication of VZV?

Back 3

post-herpetic neuralgia
- so pt experiences persistent local pain

Front 4

poison IVY - what type of rxn?

Back 4

Type IV hsty!!!

Front 5

late separation of umbilical cord
- poor wound healing
- recurrent skin infections w/o pus formation, gingival/periodonitis

Back 5

Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
- defect in LFA-1 integrin proteins on phagocytes

Front 6

C.tetani toxin

Back 6

Tetanospasmin
- retrograde axonal xport to CNS
- inhib release of glycine and GABA
- VACCINE: tetanus toxin vaccination elicits humoral immunity
- NOTE: disease is not due to bug but due to toxins RELEASED by bug!

Front 7

Campylobacter jejuni

Back 7

- curved gram neg rod
- corkscrew movement
- most common cause of GASTROENTERITIS in children and adults
- FECAL-ORAL
- DOMESTIC ANIMALS - cattle sheep dogs chickens
- contaminated food
--> INFLAMM DIARRHEA (initially wattery, then bloody)
- abd craming, tenesmus, leukocytes in stool
- most common infection associated with GUILLAIN BARRE

Front 8

small blue-white spots on buccal mucosa

Back 8

Koplik spots
- MEASLES (Rubeola!!!)
- "grains of sand" on an erythematous base
- accompanied by Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivits (CCCK)
- cutaneous maculopapular rash will dev w/in 1-2 days

Front 9

what is necessary for a naked RNA molecule to induce viral protein synthesis in a host cell?

Back 9

- needs to be a naked RNA molecule
- must be single-stranded + sense (not - sense)
Ex: Rhinovirus, Poliovirus, Echovirus, Rhinovirus, Coxsackievirus, HAV, Norwalk virus

Front 10

light microscopy of Candida

Back 10

yeasts with pseudohyphae!!!
looks like budding balls (like cryptococcus) with pseudohyphae coming out
- "germ tube" formation

Front 11

serologic markers in Hepatitis - name each:
1. acute/chronic infection
2. acute infection
3. high infectivity
4. low infectivity
5. immunity
6. chronic infection
7. resolved infection

Back 11

1. HBsAg
2. Anti-HBc-IgM
3. HbeAg
4. Anti-HBe
5. Anti-HBs
6. Anti-HBc IgG, HBsAg
7, Anti-HBc IgG, anti-HBs

Front 12

2 most common bugs associated with PID

Back 12

chlamydia
N. gonorrhoeae

Front 13

how killed or viral-component vaccines work (like the annual influenza vaccine)

Back 13

- virus increases host circulating antibodies against hemaglutinin of select viral strains
- Abs INTERFERE WITH BINDING OF HEMAGGLUTININ TO SIALIC ACID-CONTAINING OLIGOSACCHARIDES OF HOST CELL PLASMA MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN RECEPTORS
- so, the live virus is prevented from entering cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis!

Front 14

S. bovis

Back 14

part of normal colonic flora
- can cause ENDOCARDITIS
- associated with colon cancer!!!

Front 15

N. meningitis vaccine

Back 15

against capsular polysaccharide

Front 16

colonizing aspergillosis

Back 16

occurs in old lung cavities like in
TB
EMPHYSEMA
SARCOIDOSIS
- no invasion of lung tissue
--> aspergilloma
- asymptomatic or cough, hemoptysis
- radiopaque on CXR that shifts when pts position changes

Front 17

effective tx of C. diptheria infection

Back 17

1. passive immunity with administration of diptheria ANTITOXIN
2. admin of penicillin and erythromycin

Front 18

C. diptheriae toxin
P. aeruginas toxin

Back 18

SAME MECHANISM!!!
- inactivation of EF-2 via ribosylation, thus inhibiting host cell protein synthesis

Front 19

S. aureus toxins

Back 19

ENTEROTOXIN - superantigen that acts locally in GI tract-->vomiting
TSS Toxin - superantigen that stimulates T-cells leading to widespread cytokine release and shock

Front 20

C. difficile toxin

Back 20

cytotoxin B - INDUCES ACTIN DEPOLYMERIZATION leading to mucosal cell death, necrosis of colonic mucosal surfaces and psudomembranous colitis

Front 21

B. anthracis toxin

Back 21

edema factor = AC --> massive increases in intracellular cAMP
SAME MECH as Bordetella pertussis = "extracellular AC"

Front 22

what do do if a woman is found to be positive for group B strep (agalacticiae) at 37-37 weeks (when screening occurs)?

Back 22

administer INTRAPARTUM penicillin or amicillin to prevent:
SEPSIS
PNEUMONIA
MENINGITIS

Front 23

E. coli toxin & shigella toxin commonality?

Back 23

inhibition of protein synthesis!

Front 24

H.influenzae type b vaccine

Back 24

cell wall polysaccharide conjugated with protein toxond from
DIPTHERIA
or
TETANUS
==> decreased incidence of
meningitis
pneumonia
sepsis
epiglottitis