Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Vaccination was first used against ____?
|
smallpox, Jenner
|
|
|
1st line of defense to pathogens is _____ immunity it includes ____ and _____ barriers to pathogens
|
innate, chemical and physical
|
|
|
What are 4 types of pathogens?
|
1. Viruses 2. Bacteria 3.Fungi 4. Parasites
|
|
|
All epithilial surfaces secrete _____ antimicrobial peptides that kill by perturbing membrane
|
defensins
|
|
|
what are the 2 parts to innate immune response
|
1. recognize that a pathogen is present
2. recruit effector cells that kill and eliminate the pathogen |
|
|
what do cytokines do?
|
induce dilation of blood capillaries makes skin red hot, swollen; makes gaps in endothelium and allow plasma cells etc to leak into tissue
|
|
|
is innate immunity specific to any particular pathogen?
|
no
|
|
|
What is clonal selection?
|
selection of a small subset of lymphocytes for proliferation and differentation into effector lymphocytes.
|
|
|
Adaptive immunity provided by immunological memory is called ________?
|
acquired immunity
|
|
|
What is self-renewal?
|
hematopoietic cells give rise to more hematopoietic cells
|
|
|
What is the function of a b lymphocyte?
|
they play a large role in humoral immunity. They help with making antibodies for antigens. Eventually turn into memory b cells. b-cells are part of the adaptive
|
|
|
what are plasma b cells?
|
they are b cells that have been activated and are secreting antibodies
|
|
|
NK cells bridge the gap between??
|
innate and adaptive immunity
|
|
|
what is monocytes function?
|
(1) replenish macrophages and dendritic cells
(2) in response to inflammation signals, monocytes can move quickly to sites of infection in the tissues and divide/differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells to elicit an immune response. |
|
|
The alternative pathway in the complement system is activated by what?
|
changes in the local physicochemical environment caused by presence of bacteria
|
|
|
what does the plasma protein properdin do?
|
it binds to the microbial bound C3 convertase (C3bBb) and increases its life by protecting it from degrading by proteases
|
|
|
what is the process and what do factor h and factor I do?
|
factor h binds to a C3b pathogen bound protein and this allows factor I to come in and cleave to iC3b which cannot be a C3 convertase
|
|
|
macrohages participate in both innate and adaptive immunity? T/F
|
T
|
|
|
what does a CR-1 receptor of a macrophage recognize?
|
C3b on a pathogen surface
|
|
|
the coating of a pathogen with a protein that facilitates phagocytosis is called?
|
oposinzation
|
|
|
what do CR-3 and CR-4 bind to?
|
iC3b on pathogens
|
|
|
these cells are present in all connective tissue, and play big part in inflammatory? myeloid lineage
|
mast cells
|
|
|
these cells r generally 1st to detect pathogen and then secrete cytokines to recruit neutrophils/lymphocytes
|
macrophages
|
|
|
Large granular lymphocytes that are effector cells of innate immunity
|
NK cells
|
|
|
one big difference between b/t cells
|
b cells have immunoglobulins as receptors t cells have tcell receptors
|
|
|
what are plasma cells?
|
effector cells that secrete antibodies
|
|
|
which vessel does pathogen arrive in lymph node?
|
afferent vessel
|
|
|
what is a germinal center?
|
a swollen formation of bcell and pathogen bound and activated
|
|
|
what does properdin (factor p) do?
|
binds C3bBb on microbial surface and prevents protease degradation
|
|
|
what does factor H do?
|
it binds C3b and allows factor I to cleave to iC3b. and cannot assemble C3 convertase (reduce the # of C3 convertase on surface)
|
|
|
What does DAF do?
|
it binds to C3bBb (to the C3b part) and dissociates Bb and inactivates
|
|
|
what MCP membrane co-factor protein
|
on human cell surface. Binds C3 convertase alternative C3bBb and promotes cleavage by factor I. to get iC3b
|
|
|
What is CD59 (protectin)
|
prevents the recruitment of C9 to the C5678
|
|
|
which convertase (C) is an exception in size when cleaved?
|
C2 C2a bigger than C2b
|
