Immunology-Veterinary

Front 1

immune system

Back 1

consists of the organs and tissues that defend a body against invasion.

Front 2

basic defenses

Back 2

simple barriers to invasion.

Front 3

mucocillary apparatus

Back 3

includes the mucus membrane and microscopic hairs that line the respiratory tract.

Front 4

cellular defenses

Back 4

consist of many different cells in the immune system that work together to protect the body.

Front 5

phagocytes "eating" "cells"

Back 5

large cells that ingest microorganisms or other cells and foreign particles.

Front 6

antigens

Back 6

small peices of ingested foreign organisms which are displayed on the engulfing cell.

Front 7

phagocytosis

Back 7

the process which phagocytes ingest foreign organisms and create antigens.

Front 8

helper cells

Back 8

detect antigens on the surface of the phagocytes.

Front 9

cytokines "cell" "mover"

Back 9

messenger proteins that help to activate and mobilize other immune system cells.

Front 10

cytotoxic cells

Back 10

produce toxins designed to destroy infected cells such as flu infected respiratory cells.

Front 11

suppressor cells

Back 11

turn off and regulate immune responses to prevent damage to the animal's body especially after the rest of the immune system has brought the invader under control.

Front 12

antibodies

Back 12

specialized serum proteins that combine with a particular antigen to combat specific parts of an invading organism.

Front 13

humoral defense

Back 13

carries immune responses (antibodies) around the animal's body in its fluids.

Front 14

immunoglobulins (IG)

Back 14

antibodies devided into four main classes based on their structure and biological charactaristics. G M A & E

Front 15

immunoglobulin G (IgG)

Back 15

the most common circulating antibody. the ones most likely to provide long term humoral immunity. Composed of a single unit containing two heavy chains and two light chains with two binding sets.

Front 16

immunoglbulin M (IgM)

Back 16

the larges immunoglobulins, made of five units joined together,

Front 17

immunoglobulin A (IgA)

Back 17

secreted by the body to coat mucosal surfaces such as nasal passages and other mucous membranes.

Front 18

immunoglobulin E (IgE)

Back 18

Play a major role in allergies. same structure as IgG but different function, Found on the surface of special cells that contain histamine.

Front 19

histamine

Back 19

chemical that causes various allergy related symptoms like itching. When IgE binds a substance tht the animal is allergic to such as pollen etc it signals the cell to release its histamine.

Front 20

agglutinate

Back 20

clump together and lose mobility

Front 21

opsonize

Back 21

make it easier for phagocytes to engulf

Front 22

agglutination

Back 22

occurs when many invaders are bound together into a tangle with antibodies.

Front 23

opsonization

Back 23

occurs when an antibody bound on the surface of foreign material makes it easier for phagocytes to ingest it.

Front 24

canine parvovirus (parvo)

Back 24

a disease that causes severe vomiting and diarreha and can kill young pups.

Front 25

titer

Back 25

the level of a specific antibody circulating within an animal's serum.

Front 26

diluent

Back 26

diluting solution

Front 27

passive immunity

Back 27

a newborn's ability to fight infection with the antibody recieved from its mother.

Front 28

canine distemper virus

Back 28

causes acute often fatal disease of the brain and other nerve tissues.

Front 29

active immunity

Back 29

produced by an individual's direct response to an antigen.

Front 30

seroconversion

Back 30

development of antibodies in response to infection or vaccination.

Front 31

immunization

Back 31

process of inducing active immunity against a particular foreign organism in an individual.

Front 32

vaccination

Back 32

to introduction of a foreign antigen into the body to stimulate an immune response.

Front 33

vaccin

Back 33

root derived from the first organism used as a vaccine.

Front 34

cross protection or cross immunity

Back 34

the process by which the immune response against one organism also protects against a different organism.

Front 35

attenuation

Back 35

any process that decreases an organism's virulence.

Front 36

virulence

Back 36

disease causing potential

Front 37

tissue cultures

Back 37

cells that have been isolated from an animal and then grown artifically

Front 38

modified live viral (MLV)

Back 38

viruses that have lost their virulence but retain their ability to induce protective immunity.

Front 39

killed vaccines

Back 39

made from organisms that have been treated with heat or chemicals to inactivate them and make them non-infectious.

Front 40

adjuvant

Back 40

something that produces inflammation or irritation in the body to get the immune system more excited about the vaccine.

Front 41

subunit vaccines

Back 41

contain only a few selected parts of an organism and vaccines like tetanus toxoid contain only a heat treated bacterial toxin.

Front 42

recobinant DNA technology

Back 42

a method that extracts genes from one organism and combines them with genes from another.

Front 43

vaccinate

Back 43

the animal recieving the vaccination.

Front 44

antigenic overload

Back 44

too many different antigens are administered at one time.

Front 45

mild reaction

Back 45

short lived inconsiquential reaction to a vaccine. IE lethargy, low grade fever, tenderness at vaccination site.

Front 46

abscess formation

Back 46

a pocket of puss under the skin.

Front 47

reversion to virulence

Back 47

can happen if animals are sick or stressed when vaccinated.

Front 48

abortion

Back 48

can happen when pregnant animals are vaccinated.

Front 49

contaminant organism

Back 49

when an organism gets into a batch of vaccine and grows undetected.

Front 50

anaphylaxis

Back 50

massive allergic reaction that involves an animals whole body.

Front 51

fibrosarcoma

Back 51

a fast growing cancerous tumor that strikes vaccination sites on an average of once in every 5000 cats. occurs several months to a year after vaccination.

Front 52

intranasal vaccines

Back 52

vaccines administered through the nose.

Front 53

lypholized

Back 53

freeze dried

Front 54

feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV)or feline distemper

Back 54

strikes most in young cats causes severe vomiting, diarrhea, and death. Similiar to parvo. Spreads through infected feces and highly infectious long after infection.