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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cancer Cells |
cell that have escaped normal growth regulation and undergone transformation caused by chemicals, radiation, physical agents or viruses alter host cell's DNA by mutation of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes |
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Tumor-Specific Antigens |
uniquely expressed by tumor |
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Tumor-Associated Antigens |
not unique to tumor, express normal cell protein |
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B-cells and Antibodies |
complement-mediated lysis, opsonization role in tumor immunity is poorly understood |
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T-cells |
cytolysis, apoptisis for rejection of tumor cells induced by virus or chemicals |
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NK cells |
cytolysis, apoptosis and ADCC if tumor cell does not express MHC I alleles it ma be lysed by NK cells |
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Macrophages and neutrophils |
cytolysis, phagocytosis Activated by bacterial products to destroy or inhibit tumour cell growth |
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Cytokines |
apoptosis, inflammatory cell commitment adoptively transferred tumor cells transfected with cytokines can be used to inhibit growth |
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LAK cells |
cytolysis, apoptosis adoptive transfer of LAK cells may commence anti-tumor responses |
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Leukemia |
primarily in the bone marrow and/or circulation B or T/NK cells |
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Lymphoma |
solid mass in lymph, spleen, thymus and extranodal glands B or T/NK cells |
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2 Types of Lymphoma |
Hodgkin's: B cells Non- Hodgkin's: T/NK cells |
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DNA Oncogenic Viruses |
Epstein Barr Virus: Cause of Mononucleosis associated with Hodgkin's and Burkitt's Disease |
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RNA Oncogenic Viruses |
Human T-cell Leukemia Virus: are retroviruses that cause CD4+ T-cell leukemia and lymphoma in humans |
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Immunodiagnsis |
1. detection of Ags specific to tumor cell 2. assess pt's rxn to tumor 3.use mAbs to detects tumor Ags and their products. Immunophenotyping used o label and detect leukemic WBCs |
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Tumor Therapy |
In 1891 Coley's toxins (weakened serratia marcescens ans streptococci) were used to treat and eliminate some cancers. This was replaced by radiation and chemo therapy Today treatments involve drugs, radiation and surgery |
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Tumor Therapy: 4 categories |
Chemo: blocks DNA synthesis and cell division Hormonal Therapies: interfere with normal tumor cell growth Target Therapies: small molecule inhibitors of cancer Immunotherapies: induce or enhance anti-tumor response |
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Tumor Immunotherapy: Naked mAbs |
No drugs or radioactive isotope attached. Mechanism: Attach to cancer cells and signal immune system to kill cell. Attach to and block Ags that are important for cancer cell growth |
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Tumor Immunotherapy: Conjugated mAbs |
Attached to chemo or radiation particle, directly attacks the anitgen Radio: targets CD20 on B-cells. Non-hodgkin Chemo: CD30 on lymphocytes. Hodgkin |
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Tumor Immunotherapy: Bispecefic mAbs |
1 Ag made up of parts from 2 different Abs so it can attach to 2 different proteins at the same time. Brings the cancer and immune cell together so immune system can attack cancer cell |
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Immunodulatory Drugs: immunostimulating |
Non-specifically enhance immune response. used to treat bladder cancer |
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Gene Therapy |
deliver gene of encoding immunoregulatory molecule delivery of genes to correct genetic defects causing disease |
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Tumor Vaccines |
Therapeutic: treat existing cancer. Boosts immune system to attack prostate cancer cells. made specifically for each man. Prophylactic: prevent cancer development. eg: 1.vaccine against Hep. B virus( common cause of liver cancer) 2. Human Papillomavirus to prevent cervical cancer in women |
