Immunology Test #2 (1St Ppt)

Front 1

Staphylococcus Aureus: Gram...?

Back 1

Positive

Front 2

Staphylococcus: Colony description

Back 2

Cluster of grapes. Aureus is large, round, gold colonies, all others are white.

Front 3

Streptococcus: Colony description

Back 3

Chain of spheres, form small, white colonies.

Front 4

Staphylococcus: Type of respiration

Back 4

Aerobic or facultative anaerobic

Front 5

Streptococci: Type of respiration

Back 5

Mostly facultative anaerobic, some anaerobic

Front 6

Staphylococcus: Hemolysis

Back 6

Most are beta-hemolytic

Front 7

Do Staphylococci produce catalase?

Back 7

Yep

Front 8

Do Streptococci produce catalase?

Back 8

Nope

Front 9

Streptococcus: Hemolysis

Back 9

+/- depending on species

Front 10

Percentage of normal people with Staphylococcus aureus?

Back 10

30%

Front 11

Where on the body does Staphylococcus aureus colonize?

Back 11

Skin and/or anterior nares

Front 12

Which bacteria is an important cause of nosocomial infections?

Back 12

Staphylococcus aureus

Front 13

What method would you use to trace the source of a nosocomial infection outbreak?

Back 13

DNA typing

Front 14

Staphylococcus aureus: Virulence factors

Back 14

Catalase (converts H2O2 to H2O and O2), Coagulase (fibrin->fibrinogen, may wall off infection to form abscesses), capsule, beta lactamase, exotoxins, and Protein A (see slide)

Front 15

Staphylococcus aureus: Skin diseases

Back 15

Impetigo, cellulitis, folliculitis, boils, and carbuncles

Front 16

Staphylococcus aureus: Exotoxins

Back 16

Superantigens, enterotoxins A-F, TSS toxin-1

Front 17

Which exotoxin causes Staphylococcal food poisoning?

Back 17

Enterotoxin A

Front 18

Symptoms of staphylococcal food poisoning

Back 18

Acute onset of nausea, projectile vomiting, cramps, diarrhea- 1-6 hours after ingestion of toxin

Front 19

Staphylococcus aureus: Cytotoxins alpha, beta, delta, and gamma are toxic to...?

Back 19

Blood cells

Front 20

What causes "scalding skin syndrome"?

Back 20

Exfoliatin A and B from Staph aureus

Front 21

What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis?

Back 21

Staphylococcus aureus (exception to this is the mandible)

Front 22

Which heart disease is caused by staphylococcal bacteremia and has a mortality rate of ~50%?

Back 22

Acute endocarditis

Front 23

What is the DOC for good ol' fashioned Staphylococcus aureus?

Back 23

Methicillin. Staph aureus is penicillin resistant.

Front 24

What is the DOC for MRSA?

Back 24

Vancomycin

Front 25

What is the DOC for Vancomycin-resistant MRSA?

Back 25

Linezolid

Front 26

Which does the acronym MRSA stand for?

Back 26

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

Front 27

Is MRSA more common and invasive in communities or hospitals?

Back 27

Hospitals

Front 28

Community strains of MRSA appear to be clonally different. What was listed as the difference on the slide, and from what is it derived?

Back 28

PVL and it's derived from bacteriophage

Front 29

Where do most Staphylococcus epidermidis infections come from?

Back 29

Self

Front 30

T or F: Staph epidermidis is unable to form a slim layer capsule

Back 30

False.

Front 31

T or F: For a Staphylococcus epidermidis infection, you would prescribe methicillin as quickly as possible to keep the infection at bay.

Back 31

False. Over 50% is methicillin resistant, so you must run an antibiotic susceptibility test first.

Front 32

Arrange types of hemolysis from most to least. Which type do most Streptococci exhibit?

Back 32

Beta (complete), alpha (partial), gamma (none). Beta is most common in Streptococci.

Front 33

Which bacterium is responsible for dental caries? How is it classified in the Lancefield system?

Back 33

Streptococcus mutans. Non-classifiable.

Front 34

How is Streptococcus pneumoniae classified in the Lancefield system?

Back 34

Non-classifiable.

Front 35

How is Streptococcus pyogenes classified in the Lancefield system?

Back 35

Group A

Front 36

How is Streptococcus agalactiae classified in the Lancefield system?

Back 36

Group B

Front 37

Streptococcus pyogenes: Virulence factors

Back 37

M protein, F protein, hyaluronic capsule, and pyrogenic exotoxins

Front 38

What is the mechanism by which M protein prevents phagocytosis?

Back 38

It inhibits deposition of C3b on bacterial cell surface

Front 39

Name the hemolysins of Streptococcus pyogenes.

Back 39

O and S

Front 40

Which bacteria causes pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy?

Back 40

Strep pyogenes

Front 41

What causes streptococcal pharyngitis to progress to Scarlet Fever?

Back 41

Lysogenized strains producing pyrogenic exotoxins

Front 42

Streptococcus pyogenes: Skin disease(s) of stratum corneum

Back 42

Pyoderma and impetigo

Front 43

Streptococcus pyogenes: Skin disease(s) of epidermis

Back 43

Erysipelas

Front 44

Streptococcus pyogenes: Skin disease(s) of dermis

Back 44

Cellulitis

Front 45

What is St. Anthony's Fire?

Back 45

Bright red skin, caused by Strep pyogenes erysipelas infection

Front 46

Which bacterium is responsible for necrotizing fasciitis?

Back 46

Streptococcus pyogenes

Front 47

What are the two rapid diagnosis tests for Streptococcus pyogenes?

Back 47

Rapid enzyme immunoassay and rapid agglutination test

Front 48

What is the DOC for Streptococcus pyogenes (including Rheumatic fever)?

Back 48

Penicillin. All strains are susceptible, so far

Front 49

If a patient with a Strep pyogenes infection has an allergy to penicillin, what is DOC?

Back 49

Erythromycin

Front 50

Name a non-suppurative (no pus) disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes

Back 50

Rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, or erythema nodosum. These organisms cannot be isolated.

Front 51

What disease follows 2-5 weeks behind a pharyngeal Strep pyogenes infection?

Back 51

Rheumatic fever

Front 52

What indicator will give you a diagnosis of Rheumatic fever?

Back 52

High ASO (antistreptolysin) titer

Front 53

Acute glomerulonephritis can follow ______or _____ infection.

Back 53

Skin, pharyngeal

Front 54

Where is Viridans streptococci found? What type of hemolysis does it exhibit?

Back 54

It is normal oral cavity flora and exhibits alpha or no hemolysis

Front 55

Does the AHA recommend giving prophylactic antibiotics to patients with Rheumatic heart disease?

Back 55

Nope

Front 56

According to the AHA, for which dental procedures is endocarditis prophylaxis recommended?

Back 56

All procedures that require manipulation of either gingival tissue or the periapical region of teeth or perforation of oral mucosa.

Front 57

An infection in the mandibular molar region can lead to a Streptococcal cellulitis called...

Back 57

Ludwig's Angina

Front 58

T or F: Ludwig's Angina can lead to death by asphyxiation

Back 58

True.

Front 59

T or F: Ludwig's Angina will eventually resolve itself

Back 59

False! It is an oral surgery EMERGENCY!!!

Front 60

T or F: Streptococcus pneumoniae is an alpha-hemolytic diplococci

Back 60

True.

Front 61

Strep pneumoniae is optochin...

Back 61

Sensitive

Front 62

Streptococcus pneumoniae: Virulence factors

Back 62

Capsule, IgA protease

Front 63

Which bacterium is the most common cause of pneumonia?

Back 63

Streptococcus pneumoniae (also second most common cause of bacteremia)

Front 64

A splenic insufficiency caused by ________ disease is a predisposing factor to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.

Back 64

Sickle cell

Front 65

Which bacterium is the leading cause of meningitis in the US?

Back 65

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Front 66

T or F: Pneumonia caused by Strep pneumoniae is usually localized to the upper lobes of the lungs.

Back 66

False. Usually localized to lower lobes.

Front 67

Streptococcus pneumoniae: DOC

Back 67

Beta lactam (ie amoxicillin) plus macrolide (ie erythromycin) or fluoroquinolone.

Front 68

What is DOC for initial meningitis?

Back 68

Vancomycin plus cephalosporin

Front 69

Which Strep pneumoniae vaccine was just approved in Feb 2010?

Back 69

Conjugate polyvalent (13) vaccine

Front 70

Which bacterium is the most common cause of neonatal meningitis and neonatal mortality?

Back 70

Streptococcus agalactiae

Front 71

Name this bacteria: Used to be classified as Group D Streptococcus, a major cause of nosocomial infections, usually resistant to vancomycin

Back 71

Enterococcus faecalis