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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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True or false
B cells recognize processed foreign proteins in MHC antigens where as T cells recognize "free foreign proteins" |
False
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True or false
A monoclonal antibody binds to various epitopes on an antigen |
False
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True or false
an example of antagonistic action of cytokines is IL-4 and Interferon-gamma |
True
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True or false
Fab fragment of IgG is important for placental or colostrum antibody transfer |
False
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True or false
Alternative pathway of complement activation is dependent on antibody |
False
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True or false
In a Myeloma cell that is used for monoclonal antibody production, uridine pathway for purine synthesis is absent |
False
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True or false
Toll-like receptors present on cells such as macrophages play a central role in recognizing invading microbes |
True
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True or false
T cells mature in bone marrow of all mammals |
False!
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True or false
Th1 cell promotes cytotoxic T cell activation |
True
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True or false
Monoclonal or polyclonal gammapathies are usually diagnosed by patient's serum electrophoretic patterns |
True
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Most of the signal transduction in immune cells and other critical processes such as cell growth, cell division are all regulated by kinases that have the following important function
a. Splice the DNA b. Increase the synthesis of CD molecules c. Degrade the ubiquinated proteins d. Protein Phosphorylation |
d. Protein Phosphorylation
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In pig with blood group O, blood transfusion with blood group A may
a. cause severe transfusion reaction because of preexisting anti-A antibodies b. cause no adverse effects because blood group O is a Universal acceptor c. cause no adverse effects because food antigens induce only anti-O antibodies d. Cause better growing and disease resistance |
a. cause severe transfusion reaction because of preexisting anti-A antibodies
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In a pig farm, there is an outbreak of viral infection and many of the pigs are also suffering from greasy pig disease or parakaratosis. The veterinarian prescribes supportive therapy and zinc supplementation in the feed. Why is zinc supplementation important?
a. Zinc acts as an antiviral drug b. Zinc prevents secondary bacterial infection of the skin c. Zinc makes the feed tastier to eat d. Zinc is required for thymulin hormone which helps T cell maturation and CMI response |
d. Zinc is required for thymulin hormone which helps T cell maturation and CMI response
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A farmer receives animals for his farm in Oregon from Maine by a company which transported the animals in confined spaces with minimal feed and water. The farmer wants you to vaccinate ASAP to prevent disease. Your advise to the farmer is:
a. To oblige the farmer's request and vaccinate ASAP after giving feed and water b. To allow 2-weeks quarantine period to reduce stress and reduce the risk of introducing any infections from the new animals to resident animals and then vaccinate c. to vaccinate next time just before the animals are transported so that the animals will have developed the immune response and will also reduce the introduction of new diseases d. All of the above |
b. To allow 2-weeks quarantine period to reduce stress and reduce the risk of introducing any infections from the new animals to resident animals and then vaccinate
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Idiotypes are unique antigenic determinants present on variable region of an individual antibody molecule. The importance of idiotypes is:
a. useful in paternity testing b. they regulate the immune response c. anti-idiotypes can be used for vaccination as they mimic pathogen epitopes d. B and C e. A and B |
d. B and C
b. they regulate the immune response c. anti-idiotypes can be used for vaccination as they mimic pathogen epitopes |
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In ruminants and pigs, the major method of generating diversity consists of inserting segments of pseudogenes into V regions of immunoglobulins. This process is called as
a. Gene Conversion b. Gene Recombination c. Base insertion d. Somatic mutation |
a. Gene Conversion
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when you vaccinate a young animal for the first time (primary immunization) or when an animal is infected with a specific infectious agent for the first time, you expect this type of antibody response predominates
a. IgG b. IgM c. IgE d. IgA |
b. IgM
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Complement receptor 1 (CR1) which bind to C3b and present on RBCs has an important function to remove 90% of the following molecule from the blood
a. Virus infected cells b. Tumor cells c. Immune complexes d. All of the above |
c. Immune complexes
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The maternal antibodies in the newborn, while conferring protection, effectively inhibit antibody synthesis and prevent successful vaccination. One of the mechanisms is
a. maternal antibodies dominate so that the newborn immune system will be prevented from maturation of T cells b. there are no receptors on the B and T cells that can bind maternal antibodies c. Antigen cross-linking BCR and maternal antibodies bound on B cells block B cell activation by negative feedback mechanism d. All of the above |
c. Antigen cross-linking BCR and maternal antibodies bound on B cells block B cell activation by negative feedback mechanism
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Insulin producing islet beta cells from a donor with MHC incompatibility can be implanted into testes of a recipient animal because
a. testes are located outside the main body b. it is easy to implant cells into testes than in other organs of the body c. Testes maintain a cooler temperature than the rest of the body d. testes are considered as a immunoprivilaged site |
d. testes are considered as a immunoprivilaged site
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Apoptosis is the active or programmed death of a cell. In the case of a virally infected macrophage, there are two main pathways by which cytotoxic T cells can kill these infected cells. Name the two pathways:
a. Classical and alternate pathway b. Exogenous and endogenous pathways c. Exotic and domestic pathways d. Intrinsic and extrinsic pathways |
d. Intrinsic and extrinsic pathways
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In order for cytotoxic T lymphocytes to become armed two separate signals must be present . What are those signals?
a. Recognition by TCR of self-antigen associated with MHC class II molecule b. Recognition by TCR of viral-antigen associated with MHC class I molecule c. Cytokines such as IL-2 and Interferon-gamma produced by Th1 cells d. A and C. e. B and C |
e. B and C
b. Recognition by TCR of viral-antigen associated with MHC class I molecule c. Cytokines such as IL-2 and Interferon-gamma produced by Th1 cells |
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Neutrophils, macrophages which carry antibody receptors can kill tumor cells by following cellular mechanisms and this activity is one of the major anticancer mechanisms of already launched therapeutic antibodies such as Herceptin, that bind to the HER2 antigen expressed on metastatic breast cancer
a. Fas (extrisic) pathway b. Complement activation c. Perforin and granzymes pathway d. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity |
d. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
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B-cell receptor (BCR) is an antibody attached on the surface of its cell membrane by transmembrane domain. What class of antibody is BCR?
a. IgG b. Monomeric IgM c. Pentameric IgM d. IgE |
b. Monomeric IgM
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Th2 cells and B cell interaction is essential for
a. Up-regulation of IL-4, IL-5 and co-stimulatory ligands b. formation of germinal centers, and development of memory B cells c. Immunoglobulin Class switching d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
a. Up-regulation of IL-4, IL-5 and co-stimulatory ligands b. formation of germinal centers, and development of memory B cells c. Immunoglobulin Class switching |
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Highly adaptable heterozygous social animals have:
a. Extensive MHC polymorphism b. Easily susceptible to microbial diseases c. Better resistance to microbial diseases d. A and C |
d. A and C
a. Extensive MHC polymorphism c. Better resistance to microbial diseases |
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T helper cells (Th1 and Th2) respond to exogenous antigens by recognizing
a. ANtigens presented by MHC class I on virus-infected cells b. PAMP's on the bacteria c. Antigens presented by MHC class II antigen presenting cells (APC) d. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on macrophages |
c. Antigens presented by MHC class II antigen presenting cells (APC)
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In addition to antigens, the following co stimulators are required for effective T helper cell response
a. Receptors such as CD40 on APC b. Cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-1 c. Adherence molecules such as integrins d. All of the above |
d. All of the above
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Fab fragments of antibodies linked to drugs can be used to target
a. Virus infected cells in an animal b. Tumor cells in an animal c. Germinal centers of lymph nodes d. A and B |
d. A and B
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T-independent antigens such as E. coli LPS have the following characteristics
a. No memory cell formation b. No immunoglobulin class switching c. Only IgM response in secondary immune response d. All of the above |
d. All of the above
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Major histocompatability Complex (MHC) is important in
a. Tissue typing in organ transplantation b. Immune response to infections c. Autoimmune diseases d. All of the above |
d. All of the above
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The primary lymphoid organ such as the thymus, bursa of fabricius are sites where
a. Lymphocytes respond to foreign antigens b. Lymphocytes mature and learn not to react to self antigens c. Neutrophils and macrophages encounter foreign antigens d. All of the above |
b. Lymphocytes mature and learn not to react to self antigens
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When you give a booster vaccine to an animal, the secondary immune response occurs in the
a. Lymph node b. Spleen c. Bone marrow d. Thymus |
c. Bone marrow
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Although various types of Leukocytes are found in the arteries of lymph nodes, only lymphocytes can interact with and extravasate through the following site to migrate into the lymph node parenchyma
a. Germinal centers b. High endothelial venules (HEV) c. Subcapsular sinus of the lymph node d. Medulla of the lymph node |
b. High endothelial venules (HEV)
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Cell mediated immune (CMI) response is mainly mediated by
a. B cells b. Neutrophils c. Mast cells d. T cells |
d. T cells
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Conventional antigenic peptide fills the groove between the TCR chains and MHC molecules. In contrast, the following antigen binds outside the groove linking TCR and MHC molecule triggering a powerful T-cell response
a. Snake venom antigen b. Poison ivy c. Superantigen d. Glycogen |
c. Superantigen
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IgE which binds to mast cells and eosinophils mainly participates in the following
a. Allergic reactions b. Parasitic infections c. Viral infections d. A and b e. B and c |
d. A and b
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Camel and llama IgG 2
a. Lacks light chains b. Can be used as “nanobodies” to target cancer cells c. Serves no function as they are defective d. A and b |
d. A and b
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One of the most important mechanisms of deleting unwanted genes during the process of generating BCR or TCR diversity is by
a. Receptor editing b. Gene conversion c. Somatic mutation d. Looping out |
d. Looping out
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Neonatal bursectomy in birds will cause
a. Sharp reduction in numbers of circulating lymphocytes b. Cancer in chicks c. Impaired rejection of skin grafts d. Thymic atrophy e. Reduction in serum antibody levels |
e. Reduction in serum antibody levels
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Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS, HIV infects
a. B cells b. T helper cells c. T cytotocxic T cells d. Endothelial cells |
b. T helper cells
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Occurs in many pathologies
a. IL-10 b. Polyclonal gammapathies c. T helper cell CD4 d. Interferon-γ |
b. Polyclonal gammapathies
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Signal transduction in T cells
a. CD3 b. Penicillin allergy c. Prion protein or amyloid fibril deposits d. Hybridoma |
a. CD3
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Inhibits Th1 response
a. IL-10 b. Polyclonal gammapathies c. T helper cell CD4 d. Interferon-γ |
a. IL-10
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Excessive deposition of C3b in glomerulus
a. Interferon-γ b. VDJ gene clusters c. Factor H deficiency d. Poly C9 |
c. Factor H deficiency
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Immune activation
a. Polyclonal gammapathies b. T helper cell CD4 c. Interferon-γ d. VDJ gene clusters |
c. Interferon-γ
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Kill self-reactive T cells
a. Factor H deficiency b. Poly C9 c. Fas (CD95) d. CD3 |
c. Fas (CD95)
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Binds MHC Class II
a. B cells b. Polyclonal gammapathies c. T helper cell CD4 d. Interferon-γ |
c. T helper cell CD4
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Heavy chain diversity
a. T helper cell CD4 b. Interferon-γ c. VDJ gene clusters d. Factor H deficiency |
c. VDJ gene clusters
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Fusion of plasma cells and tumor cells
a. CD3 b. Penicillin allergy c. Prion protein or amyloid fibril deposits d. Hybridoma |
d. Hybridoma
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Protein misfolding diseases
a. Fas (CD95) b. CD3 c. Penicillin allergy d. Prion protein or amyloid fibril deposits |
d. Prion protein or amyloid fibril deposits
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