Immunology Session 1

Front 1

____ proved that infectious agents that cause disease are by microorganisms.

Back 1

Robert Koch

Front 2

List the four categories of disease causing microorganisms.

Back 2

1. Viruses
2. Bacteria
3. Pathogenic Fungi
4. Parasites (eukaryotic)

Front 3

True or False

The adaptive immune response is specific and has "memory"

Back 3

True

Front 4

____ & ____ discovered the crude properties of antibodies.

Back 4

Behring and Kitasato

Front 5

Antigen ---> _____ ______

Back 5

Antibody Generation

Front 6

Both innate and adaptive immune responses depend upon the activity of what cells?

a. RBC's
b. macrophages
c. leukocytes
d. none of the above

Back 6

c. leukocytes (aka WBC)

Front 7

Innate immunity largely involves ____ & ____.

Back 7

granulocytes and macrophages

Front 8

Granulocytes are AKA

Back 8

polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Front 9

Adaptive immune system depends on ____.

a. polymorphonuclear leukocytes
b. erythrocytes
c. macrophages
d. none of the above

Back 9

d - none of the above- they depend on lymphocytes

Front 10

The cells of the immune system originate in the ____.

Back 10

Bone marrow

Front 11

_____ gives rise to stem cells of limited potential.

Back 11

Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Front 12

Flowchart the different types of blood cells and their relationship lineages.

Back 12

Figure 1.3

Front 13

The myeloid progenitor is the precursor of which cells?

Back 13

granulocytes
macrophages
dendritic cells
mast cells
(of innate system)

My GranMa DenMas

Front 14

Macrophages are the mature form of _____.

Back 14

Monocytes

Front 15

______ cells are specialized to take up antigen, process it, and display it for recognition by T lymphocytes.

a. Dendritic Cells
b. Granulocytes
c. Mast Cells
d. Macrophages

Back 15

a. Dendritic Cells

Front 16

Immature dendritic cells migrate to areas that both ____ and ____.

Back 16

Phagocytic and macropinocytic

Front 17

Mature denditic cells migrate to _______.

Back 17

The lymph nodes

Front 18

What are the function of mast cells?

Back 18

Although mostly involved with allergy responses, they also play a role in protecting mucosal sufaces against pathogens. Also- plays a role in vasuclar permeability.

Front 19

Which of the three granulocytes are the most numerous?

Back 19

Neutrophils

Front 20

Lack of neutrophils can lead to ____ infections.

Back 20

Bacterial

Front 21

Eosinophils are important against ____ infections.

Back 21

Parasitic

Front 22

Basophils function similarily to _______.

Back 22

Mast Cells

Front 23

The ____ gives rise to the lymphocytes and NK cells of the innate immunity - and to some extent dendritic cells

Back 23

Common lymphoid progenitor

Front 24

Which are greater in number: myeloid progenitor cells or lymphoid progenitor cells?

Back 24

Myeloid

Front 25

Draw a macrophage, and give the activated function.

Back 25

Figure 1-4

Front 26

Draw a dendritic cell and give its activated function

Back 26

Figure 1-4

Front 27

Draw a Neutrophil and give its activated function

Back 27

Figure 1-4

Front 28

Draw an eosinophil and give its activated function

Back 28

Figure 1-4

Front 29

Draw a basophil and give its activated function

Back 29

Figure 1-4

Front 30

Draw a mast cell and give its activated function

Back 30

Figure 1-4

Front 31

In order for small lymphocytes to become functional they require both an encounter with an antigen and with _____.

Back 31

co-stimulatory molecules

Front 32

What are the antigen receptors of B-lymphocytes called?

Back 32

membraine immunoglobulin (mIg)

Front 33

Lymphoid organs are divided broadly into

a. ventral and secondary organs
b. peripheral and primary lymphoid organs
c. central and primary lymphoid organs
d. more than one of the above

Back 33

b. peripheral and primary lymphoid organs

Front 34

Draw a lymph node and its parts

Back 34

Figure 1-8

Front 35

What is the function of peripheral lymphoid organs

Back 35

To trap antigen-bearing dendritic cells to allow initiaiton of adaptive immune responses, and to provide signals that ustain recirculating lymphocytes

Front 36

3 types of lympoid tissues?

Back 36

GALT
BALT
MALT

Front 37

Draw and label the transverse and longitudinal section of the white pulp

Back 37

Figure 1-9

Front 38

GALT contains which of the following?

a. tonsils
b. adenoids
c. appendix
d. peyer's patches
e. all of the above

Back 38

e. all of the above

Front 39

Peyer's patches contain what kind of specialized cells?

Back 39

M cells (multi-fenestrated)

Front 40

Lymphocytes are able to enter peripheral lymphoid organs via ____?

Back 40

HEV (high endothelial venules)

Front 41

What are the three major types of peripheral lymphoid tissues and their functions?

Back 41

spleen--> collects antigen from blood
lymph nodes--> collect antigens from sites of infection in the tissues
mucosal associated lymphoid tissues --> collects antigens from epithelial surfaces

Front 42

T cells pro and diff into what?

Back 42

antigen specific effector cells

Front 43

B cells pro and diff into what?

Back 43

antibody-secreting cells

Front 44

Cytokines secreted from macrophages function to ___?

Back 44

increase permeability of blood vessels

Front 45

Chemokines secreted from macrophages function to___?

Back 45

Call for help- neutrophils come first followed by monocytes that mature into macrophages

Front 46

Briefly describe how adaptive immune system is booted up.

Back 46

Immature dendritic cell in peripheral tissues ingest pathogens either by RME or macropinocytosis- migrate to regional lymph nodes via afferent lymphatics-arrive as a mature dendrite presenting its angtigen to stimulate clonal expansion and activate specific naive t lymphocytes

Front 47

True or False

The immature dendritic cell performs phagocytosis

Back 47

True (page 13)

Front 48

B cells pro and diff into what?

Back 48

antibody-secreting cells

Front 49

Cytokines secreted from macrophages function to ___?

Back 49

increase permeability of blood vessels

Front 50

Chemokines secreted from macrophages function to___?

Back 50

Call for help- neutrophils come first followed by monocytes that mature into macrophages

Front 51

Briefly describe how adaptive immune system is booted up.

Back 51

Immature dendritic cell in peripheral tissues ingest pathogens either by RME or macropinocytosis- migrate to regional lymph nodes via afferent lymphatics-arrive as a mature dendrite presenting its angtigen to stimulate clonal expansion and activate specific naive t lymphocytes

Front 52

True or False

The immature dendritic cell performs phagocytosis

Back 52

True (page 13)

Front 53

Additional material that is added to increase a response to an immunizing antigen is called a ____

Back 53

adjuvent

Front 54

Lymphocyte _____ _____ ensures that billions of lymphocytes in the body collectively carry millions of differetn antigen receptor specicifities.

Back 54

receptor repertoire

Front 55

Clones secrete _____ antibodies.

Back 55

clonotypic

Front 56

List the four basic principles of the clonal selection hypothesis

Back 56

Figure 1.15

Front 57

What is the central principle of adaptive immunity?

Back 57

Clonal selection of lymphocytes

Front 58

Define clonal deletion

Back 58

The removal of deveoping lymphocytes that are potentially self reactive

Front 59

Approximately how many different biochemically disitnct forms of the constant portion of an antibody achieve?

Back 59

Four to five

Front 60

What is the function of the constant region in an antibody?

Back 60

It determines how the antibody disposes of the pathogen once it is bound

Front 61

True or False

Only heavy chains have constant and variable regions; light chains have only variable regions

Back 61

False-

Both heavy and light chains have both constant and variable regions

Front 62

Draw the basic schematic structure of an antibody

Back 62

Figure 1.16

Front 63

Draw a more complicated antibody

Back 63

Figure 1.17

Front 64

How do developing lymphocytes create antigen diversity and uniqueness?

Back 64

By rearranging its receptor gene segments

Front 65

Aside from rearrangements of receptor gene segments, how else is diversity of antigen receptors produced?

Back 65

junctional diversity and combinatorial diversity

Front 66

How are B cell and T cell maturation regulated?

Back 66

Through survival signals from the antigen receptore