Immunology: Overview Of Immunology

Front 1

Two major components of the immune system

Back 1

native immunity
acquired immunity

Front 2

5 points of native immunity

Back 2

Protects a naïve animal
Protects immediately
Not antigen specific
No memory formed.
Due primarily to recognition of PAMPS “pathogen associated molecular patterns”

Front 3

5 points of acquired immunity

Back 3

Develops after exposure to an antigen
Requires several days to weeks to develop
Antigen specific and expandable
Memory (anamnestic response) and tolerance
Activate native immunity mechanisms

Front 4

5 major components of native immunity

Back 4

barriers to infection
NK cells
Phagocytic cells
Complement System
Native Defense Cytokines

Front 5

5 examples of barriers to infection

Back 5

acid in stomach
antimicrobial peptides (defensins) secreted at epithelial surface
mucus
skin/mucus membranes (epithelium)
normal flora

Front 6

2 types of phagocytic cells

Back 6

macrophages, neutrophils

Front 7

4 descriptors of complement

Back 7

• An enzyme cascade system - like coagulation
• Very rapidly induced
• Multiple mechanisms for controlling microbial infection
• If it is induced and not regulated (turned off) the result is death

Front 8

4 types of cytokines

Back 8

• Macrophage derived in response to PAMPs
• Pro-inflammatory cytokines – cause fever, lethargy, loss of appetite
• Chemokines - important in chemotaxis of other cells to site of infection
• Interferons – interfere with replication of some viruses
o Produced within 24 hours of some viral infections
o Production by one cell can protect nearby cells from some viral infection

Front 9

3 NK cell descriptors

Back 9

• A type of lymphocyte
• Kill virus infected cells or tumor cells
• Recognize and kill cells that do not express normal proteins

Front 10

5 point summary of native immunity

Back 10

• Is fairly efficient and works most of the time
• No memory
• Extremely important as a first line of defense
• Can be suppressed by crowding, stress, cold, etc.
• Can work independent of acquired immunity but function can be enhanced by acquired immunity making the components of native defense even more powerful and efficient

Front 11

Two major components of acquired immunity

Back 11

Humoral
Cell-mediated

Front 12

IgM

Back 12

the first antibody produced in every antibody response and the largest antibody molecule

Front 13

IgG

Back 13

high in serum, important in systemic diseases in general

Front 14

IgA

Back 14

important on mucosal surfaces as a dimer

Front 15

IgE

Back 15

important in allergy and parasitic infection, found on mast cells under epithelial surfaces

Front 16

IgD

Back 16

plays a regulatory function on the B cell surface, not secreted