Immunology Hiv

Front 1

the part of the spike protein that is outside the cell

Back 1

GP120

Front 2

the part of the spike protein that is attached to the cell

Back 2

GB40

Front 3

GP120 is going to

Back 3

attach the virus to the target cell

Front 4

GP40 is going to

Back 4

cause fusion of the viral membrane to the cell membrane

Front 5

GP40 and GP120 are what kind of proteins?

Back 5

coat - they're on the viral coat

Front 6

the coat protein makes a virus specific to

Back 6

animal and cell type; they determine the fact that HIV affects humans' T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages

Front 7

the proteins on the cell that the coat proteins are going to bind to

Back 7

CCR5 and CD4

Front 8

CCR5 and CD4 are what kind of receptors?

Back 8

chemokine

Front 9

When HIV infects a T cell it binds to

Back 9

one coat protein is going to bind both CCR5 and CD4

Front 10

In order for HIV to infect a cell it has to bind to

Back 10

CCR5 an CD4 both

Front 11

Black plague survivors don't

Back 11

make CCR5

Front 12

When GP40 causes the viral membrane to fuse with the cell membrance

Back 12

all the spike proteins are left on the surface of the cell and the viral nucleocapsid gets released into the cytoplasm

Front 13

the nucleocapsid dissolves and releases what into the cell

Back 13

viral RNA, reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease

Front 14

reverse transcriptase

Back 14

translates viral RNA into DNA

Front 15

integrase

Back 15

binds to the viral DNA and carries it into the nucleus into the hosts DNA in the chromosomes

Front 16

viral DNA an only integrate if

Back 16

the host DNA is being unwound

Front 17

DNA unwinds any time it

Back 17

is actively transcribing a gene

Front 18

HIV makes its proteins in

Back 18

long chains; protease comes and chops them apart

Front 19

ways to block HIV

Back 19

block protease, block integrase, block reverse transcriptase, block CCR5, or GP40

Front 20

Herbs that block HIV proteins

Back 20

mint, lemon balm, elderberry

Front 21

In order to leave the cell, the HIV has to

Back 21

get some viral RNA and package it with protease, rev. transcriptase, and integrase to bud off and leave the cell

Front 22

there is only a ___% chance that the virus is going to bud off with this perfect combo of viral RNA + three proteins to make a new viral protein

Back 22

1

Front 23

So, what's the problem

Back 23

a single cell can have 1000 viruses budding off it at a single moment

Front 24

tropism

Back 24

the concept that a virus is going to be attracted to a particular cell type based on the receptors that are on its surface

Front 25

super organism

Back 25

the earth and humans fitting together--disease as physiological balancing process

Front 26

what antibody do we make to spike proteins?

Back 26

IgG

Front 27

antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Back 27

The antibody has tagged the cell for the NK cell to release perforin and granzymes and kill the infected cell.

Front 28

Neutralization

Back 28

if my antibodies are bound to all of my GB120, then I can’t infect a cell anymore. The viral spikes are covered.

Front 29

opsinization

Back 29

If I have antibodies bound to viral particles, then a macrophage can eat them--opsinization

Front 30

Follicular Dendritic Cells

Back 30

they are covered in FC receptors and they are located in the lymph node. Antibody is bound to the FDC’s along with everything you’ve ever been exposed to. Why? We think this is one way we maintain immunological memory.

Front 31

What is the problem with FDC's?

Back 31

You can never completely get rid of HIV. If the FDC releases some HIV it can go and infect new cells

Front 32

A virus can get into a cell in two ways

Back 32

infection and getting eaten