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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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HLA B27
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PSORIASIS, AS, IBD, REITER'S SYNDROME
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HLA B8
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GRAVES, CELIAC
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HLA DR2
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MS, hay fever, SLE, Goodpastures
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HLA (general information)
Class I Class II |
Human Leukocyte Antigen (MHC in animals)
Class I: A, B, C Class II: DR, DP, DQ HLA genes were identified as a result of the ability to successfully transplant organs between HLA similar individuals. |
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HLA DR3
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DM type 1
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HLA DR4
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RA, DM type 1
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HLA DR5
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Pernicious anemia, Hashimoto's
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DR7
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Steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome
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AUTOANTIBODIES
Antihistone Anti-IgG Anticentromere AntiSCL70 Antimitochrondrial Antismooth muscle Antigliadin Anti-epithelial cell Antimicrosomal Anti-Jo1 |
Antihistone - drug induced lupus
Anti-IgG - Rheumatoid Anticentromere - scleroderma (CREST) AntiSCL70 - scleroderma (lung) Antimitochrondrial - PBC Antismooth muscle - autoimmune hepatitis Antigliadin - celiac Anti-epithelial cell - pemphigus vulgaris Antimicrosomal - hashimoto's Anti-Jo1 - polymyositis and dermatomyositis |
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Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
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X linked recessive defect in BTK.
Infections after 6 months when maternal IgG declines. |
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DiGeorge syndrome
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22q11. Thymus and parathyroid fail to develop because 3rd and 4th pouches fail to develop.
Presents with tetany owing to hypocalcemia. Recurrent viral and fungal infections due to T cell deficiency. Also congenital defects of heart and great vessels. |
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SCID
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B and T cell damage.
Defect in early stem-cell differentiation owing to either MHCII failure, defective IL2 receptors, or ADA deficiency. Presents with recurrent infections from all pathogens. |
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IL12 receptor deficiency
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Disseminated mycobacterial infections owing to decreased T cell activation.
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Hyper IgM syndrome
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Defect in CD40L on CD4 Th cells leads to inability to class switch.
Presents early in life with severe pyogenic infections. High levels of IgM, low levels of IgG, A, and E. |
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Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
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X linked defect in WASP gene leading to defect in ability to mount an IgM response to capsular polysaccharides of bacteria.
Elevated IgA, normal IgE, and low IgM. WIPE: Infections, thrombocytopenic purpura, and Eczema. OTHER WASP defects: X linked thrombocytopenia, X linked neutropenia (allelic heterogeneity). |
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Job syndrome
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Failure of IFN-gamma production by Th cells.
PMNs fail to respond to chemotactic stimuli. Presents with recurrent cold abscesses, eczema, coarse facies, retained primary teeth, and high IgE |
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Leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome
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LFA-1 defect.
Severe pyogenic and fungal infections and delayed separation of umbilicus. Also leukocytosis. |
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Chediak-Higashi disease
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AR, defect in microtubular function and lysosomal emptying of phagocytes.
Presents with recurrent pyogenic infections by staph and strep, partial albinism, and peripheral neuropathy. |
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CGD
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Lack of NADPH oxidase activity.
Marked susceptibility to bacterial infections. Recurrent lung infections and granulomatous lesions. Negative nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction test. Major organisms: Staph aureus, Burkholderia, Serratia, Nocardia , Aspergillus Note: not all catalase + organisms have increased infectivity in CGD (TB, cryptococcus, corynebacterium are also catalase + but no increased risk) |
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Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
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T cell dysfunction specifically against candida albicans.
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Selective immunoglobulin deficiency
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Deficiency in a specific class of Ig, due to a defect in isotype switching.
Selective IgA deficiency is the most common. Presents with sinus and lung infections, milk allergies and diarrhea are common. |
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Ataxia telangiectasia
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Defect in DNA repair enzymes with associated IgA deficiency. Presents with ataxia and telangiectasias.
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Common variable immune deficiency
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Normal numbers of circulating B cells, decreased plasma cells, decreased Ig; can be acquired in 20s-30s.
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Type I
diseases |
Allergic, anaphylactic. degranulative.
Anaphylaxis, rhinitis |
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Type II
diseases |
Cytotoxic, antibody mediated
Hemolytic anemia ITP Erythroblastosis fetalis Rheumatic fever Goodpasture's Bullous pemphigoid Graves Myasthenia |
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Type III
diseases |
Immune complex mediated; antigen antibody complexes deposit and fix complement.
Lupus RA PAN Post-strep glomerulonephritis Serum sickness (more common than arthus) Arthus reaction (skin) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis |
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Type IV
diseases |
Delayed, T cell mediated. Not transferable by serum.
Type I DM MS Guillain Barre Hashimotos GVHD PPD Contact dermatitis |
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What do we treat with passive immunity (recieving preformed antibody)
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Tetanus, botulism, HBV, rabies,
most antivenoms. |
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Deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor
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Hereditary angioneurotic edema
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Deficiency of C3
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severe recurrent pyogenic sinus and respiratory infections
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Deficiency of Factor I ("aye")
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Results in immune deficiency by paradoxical depletion of complement due to excess, useless activation.
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Deficiency C6-C8
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Recurrent Neisseria bacteremia.
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Deficiency of Factor P
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Factor P stabilizes the alternative pathway.
Results in Neisseria infections. |
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Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
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X linked mutation in an enzyme that is involved in the synthesis of GPI tails that link DAF and protectin (CD54) to host cells. This deficiency of DAF and protectin on host cells causes excessive MAC activation and host cell destruction.
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Th cells, surface proteins
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CD4, TCR, CD3, CD40L, CD28
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CD8 cells, surface proteins
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CD8, CD3, TCR
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B cells, surface proteins
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IgM, B7, CD19, CD20, CD40, MHCII
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Macrophages, surface proteins
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MHC II, CD14, FcR, C3b-R
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NK cells, surface proteins
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MHC1 R, CD16, CD56
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What cells do not express MHC I
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trophoblast, RBCs
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Which Ig crosses the placenta?
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IgG
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IL1
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Made by macrophages. Stimulates T, B, PMN, fibrobolasts, and epithelial cells.
Endogenous pyrogen. |
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IL2
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Secreted by Th cells. Stimulates growth of Th and CD8 cells.
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IL3
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Secreted by activated T cells. Similar to GMCSF
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IL4
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Secreted by Th2 cells. Promotes B cells, class switching to IgE and IgG. Weakens Th1 cells.
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IL5
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Secreted by Th2 cells. Promotes B cells, class switching to IgA. Also stimulates production and activation of eosinophils.
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IL 6
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Secreted by Th cells and macrophages. Stimulates acute phase reactants and immunoglobulins.
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IL8
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Major chemotactic factor for neutrophils. Made by macrophages (?)
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IL-10
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Secreted by Th2, and stimulates Th2.
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IL-12
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Secreted by B cells and macrophages. Activates NK and Th1 cells. Also increases IFN-gamma production.
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IFN-gamma
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Produced by Th1 cells. Stimulates macrophages and inhibits Th2.
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TNF-alpha
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Secreted by macrophages. Increases IL2 receptor synthesis by Th cells. Increases B cell proliferation. Attracts and activates PMNs. Stimulates dendritic cell migration. Cachexin.
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When do you treat with passive immunity?
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Tetanus, botulism, HBV, rabies
any other poisonings, too. |
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Fever, urticaria, arthralgias, proteinuria, lymphadenopathy 5-10 days post "drug/antigen" exposure
What is that? What type of hypersensitivity? |
Serum sickness
Type III |
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Which type of hypersensitivity is NOT transferable by serum?
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Delayed type hypersensitivity.
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what is muromonab?
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OKT3: monoclonal antibody against CD3/TCR complex, blocking T cell activation.
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