Immunology Finals

Front 1

RSS

Back 1

Recombination Signal Sequence

Front 2

L and H chain gene combinations

Back 2

L = V - J - C

H = V - D - J - C

Front 3

Number of possible combinations from somatic recombination

Back 3

1.6. million

Front 4

TdT

Back 4

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl Transferase

Front 5

3 mechanisms of Ab diversity before antigen encounter

Back 5

1. Somatic recombination
2. Junctional Diversity
3. H/V variable combinations

Front 6

New sequences from junctional diversity

Back 6

P - Palindromic

N - Nucleotide

Front 7

2 mechanisms of Ab diversity after Ag encounter

Back 7

1. Somatic hypermutation

2. Class switching

Front 8

AID

Back 8

Activation Induced Cytidine Deaminase

Front 9

Role of AID

Back 9

Coverts cytidine to uracil.

Front 10

Result of somatic hypermutation.

Back 10

Affinity maturation.

Those with greatest affinity preferentially selected.

Front 11

Acid involved in mast cell degranulation

Back 11

Arachidonic Acid

Front 12

Mast cell primary mediators

Back 12

Histamine
TNF-a

Front 13

Mast cell secondary mediators

Back 13

Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes

Front 14

ADCC

Back 14

Antibody Dependant Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity

Front 15

Complement factors involved in Arthus reaction

Back 15

C3a, C5a - mast cell degranulation.

C3b - opsonin, prevent phagocytosis by neutrophils as too large.

Front 16

Organism in Farmers lung

Back 16

Thermophilic actinomycetes

Front 17

2 major thyroid excreted hormones

Back 17

Thyroxine (T3)

Triiodothyronine (T4)

Front 18

Eye condition in Graves disease

Back 18

Orbitopathy

Front 19

HLA

Back 19

Human Leukocyte Antigen

Front 20

Genetic link to Graves

Back 20

HLA-DR3

Front 21

Internal proteins targeted in Hashimotos Thyroiditis

Back 21

Thyroglobulin

Thyroid peroxidase

Front 22

Genetic factor in Hashimotos thyroiditis

Back 22

HLA-DR5

Front 23

Genetic factor in type 1 diabetes

Back 23

HLA-DQ6/8

Front 24

Ab related risk factors in T1 diabetes

Back 24

Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD)

HLA-DQ6/8

Insulin

Front 25

Genetic factor in MS

Back 25

HLA-DQ6

Front 26

CTLA-4

Back 26

Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4

Front 27

ADA

Back 27

Adenosine Deaminase

Front 28

CGD

Back 28

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Front 29

HIV viral binding proteins

Back 29

gp120

Co-stimulatory gp41

Front 30

Host co-stimulatorey cytokine receptors in HIV infection

Back 30

CXCR4
CCR5

Front 31

Reason for Beta blockers in Graves

Back 31

In high doses can inhibit conversion of T3 to T4 thereby reducing T4 concentration.

Front 32

Reason for Radioiodine in Graves

Back 32

Taken up by thyroid and destroys tissue, lowering hormone excretion.

Front 33

New drug in RA treatment

Back 33

Abatacept - fusion of CTLA-4 and Fc region of IgG. Blocks action of CD80/86 and causes anergy

Front 34

4 forms of peripheral tolerance

Back 34

1. Ignorance
2. Anergy
3. Homeostatic control
4. Regulation

Front 35

Mechanisms of autoimmunity (5)

Back 35

Sequestered antigen.
Molecular mimicry.
Genetic.
Non-specific B/T activation.
Hormone/drug associated.

Front 36

Role of NA treatment in type 1 hypersensitivity

Back 36

Stimulates cAMP production, prevents mast cell degranulation. Explain.

Front 37

Role of cortisone treatment in type 1 hypersensitivity

Back 37

Blocks conversion of histamine to histamine.

Front 38

Key phrases for type 2 hypersensitivity.

Back 38

Ab against specific tissue.
Complement and ADCC.
Transfusion.
HDN.
Penicillin.

Front 39

Key phrases for type 3 hypersensitivity.

Back 39

Ab against soluble Ag.
Arthus reaction.
Localised and Generalised.

Front 40

Cytokines from Th1 cells in DTH

Back 40

IFN-gamma

GM-CSF

Front 41

Cytokines from Th2 cells in DTH

Back 41

IL-2 and IL-5, stimulate eosinophils

Front 42

Key phrases in type 4 hypersensitivity

Back 42

Sensitisation.
Activated macrophage.
Allograft rejection.
TB.

Front 43

Cytokines from Th2 cells in DTH

Back 43

IL-2 and IL-5, stimulate eosinophils

Front 44

Key phrases in type 4 hypersensitivity

Back 44

Sensitisation.
Activated macrophage.
Allograft rejection.
TB.

Front 45

Main causes of SCID

Back 45

IL common gamma chain deficiency.
ADA deficiency.
JAK-3 deficiency.
Rag1/Rag2 deficiency.
Unknown causes.

Front 46

Treatment for CGD

Back 46

IFN-y - stimulates superoxide release.
Bone marrow transplant.
Gene therapy.

Front 47

4 mechanisms of CD4+ reduction in clinical latent phase of HIV

Back 47

Direct cytopathic.
Induced apoptosis.
Bystander effect.
CD8+ elimination

Front 48

4 processes of HIV evasion

Back 48

Latency.
RT errors.
Attacks CD4+.
Spreads via immune system.

Front 49

HIV vaccine

Back 49

SAV001

Front 50

2 groups of interest in HIV vaccine research

Back 50

Long term non-progressors.
Seronegative.

Front 51

4 key points in cancer surveillance.

Back 51

CTL and spontaneous tumours.
CTL and haem malignancies.
CTL and virus associated.
NK and macrophages.

Front 52

4 key points in cancer evasion.

Back 52

Immunoediting.
VEGF.
Express CD99.
Loss of epitope.

Front 53

3 major areas of cancer immunotherapy.

Back 53

1. Antigen dependant cytokine therapy.
2. Stimulate cell-mediated immune response.
3. Passive immunotherapy with MAb.

Front 54

3 forms of Ag independent cytokine therapy

Back 54

IL-2
IFN
CSF

Front 55

Areas of cell-mediated immune response in cancer immunotherapy

Back 55

Viral antigen vaccine.
Tumour cell vaccine.
Block CTLA-4.
Adoptive T-cell transfer.
DC therapy.
Neovascular therapy.

Front 56

Areas of passive immunotherapy with MAb in cancer immunotherapy

Back 56

Target receptors (HER2).
Opsonisation, ADCC etc.
Immunoconjugates.