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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four fields involved in intestinal microbioita research?
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Microbiology
Immunology Epidemiology Animal Studies |
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What is anergy?
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Tolerance. Presence of antigens that does NOT elucidate an immune response.
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Type of Immune Response for Following:
I. Food Antigens II. Commensal Flora III. Invasive Pathogens |
I. Food Antigens - No Response
II. Commensal Flora - Immune exclusion III. Invasive Pathogens - Protective Immunity |
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Which Ig is prominent in the gut?
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IgA
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What are the three TYPES of functions gut microbiota serve?
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Protective
Structural Metabolic |
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Name important aspects of the PROTECTIVE function of gut microbiota.
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- Pathogen displacement
- Receptor Competition - Production of anti-microbials |
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Name important aspects of STRUCTURAL function of gut microbiota.
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- Barrier fortificartions
- IgA induction/Immune development - Tightening of tight junctions |
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Name important aspects of METABOLIC function of gut microbiota.
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Metabolize dietary carcinogens
Synthesize vitamins Ion absorption Ferment non-digestables |
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What is it called when gut bacteria grab on to things to try to understand what they are?
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Adaptive Foraging
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What type of cell recognizes antigens in the gut when it first breaks the barrier?
What does it do? |
Dendritic Cell
Phagocytosis antigen and acts as APC in lymph-node (INNATE), activating T cells (ADAPTIVE). |
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From what directions, and from who, do epithelial cells receive signals?
What does this regulate? |
Outside (bacteria/cirus)
Inside (immune cells) This regulated epithelial growth patterns. |
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How does the host distinguish between pathogens and commensals?
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PAMPs?
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What type of cells are the "centers of gut immunity?"
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Peyer's Patches
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Who do Peyer's Patches express?
Function? |
CCL20
These initiate the mucosal immune response. |
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What are the two important gut-specific homing signal molecules?
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alpha4beta7-integrin
CC-chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) |
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What are gut homing signals?
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Signals that make B cells go to the gut and produce IgA, specifically.
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What are gut homing signals dependent on, nutritionally?
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Retinoic acid, and therefore, Vitamin A.
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Proximal Colon vs Distal Colon
I. pH? II. Substrate concentration? III. Bacterial Growth Rate? |
Proximal- Acidic pH, rapid bacterial growth, high substrate concentration.
Distal - Neutral pH, slow bacterial growth, low substrate availability. |
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How many gut bacterium/g?
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10^11-10^12, meaning 10x more than human cells.
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What sort of bloom is there in infant cases related to gut microbiota?
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Proteobacteria.
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