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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why are lymph nodes secondary lymphoid organs? |
They ACTIVATE lymphocytes instead of just forming them |
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In lymph nodes what cells types are mainly in the cortex? |
B-cells (Macrophages and follicular dendritic cells) |
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In lymph nodes what cells types are mainly in the paracortex? |
T- cells (Dendritic cells) |
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In lymph nodes what cells types are mainly in the medulla? |
Plasma cells |
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In lymph nodes what cells types are mainly in the follicle? |
B-cells |
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Describe lymph nodes |
-Trapping antigen from tissues -Activates and proliferation of lymphocytes-LN drains tissues lymphocytes -LN drains tissues |
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Define immune system |
The tissues, cells, and molecules involved in the defense of the body against infectious agents or disease |
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Which immune system has memory? |
Adaptive |
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What are the two ways the protection of the immune system can be catagorized? |
Recognition and response |
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What is pathogenesis? |
Disease causing organisms attack a host |
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What are viruses? |
Sacs of cytoplasm and nucleic acid |
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What are the 4 catagories of pathogens ? |
Virus Bacteria Fungi Parasites |
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What are PAMPS? |
Pathogen associated molecular patterns -chemical structures on pathogens, but not mammalian cells -this is what gets recognized |
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What are PRRs? |
Pathogen Recognition Receptors -innate immunity -on macrophages -characterizes pathogen -cannot evolve |
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What is tolerance? |
The ability of the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self |
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What is clonal deletion? |
Cells with receptors that react with self-antigens are destrotey |
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What are the major components of the innate immune system? |
Barriers (skin) Phagocytes Pattern recognition molecules |
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What are major components of the adaptive immune system? |
Lymphocytes Antigen specific receptors Antibodies |
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Which immune response uses germ line encoded recognition molecules? |
Innate |
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Which immune response uses randomly generated antigen receptors? |
Adaptive |
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What are chemical barriers of the innate immune system |
Epithelium Defensins Tears and saliva (lysozymes) Acidic environments (stomach vagina) |
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What are the effector cells of adaptive immunity? |
Lymphocytes |
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How to lymphocytes recognize pathogens? |
Epitopes or antigenic determinants |
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What are the symbols for T helper cells? |
CD4+ |
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What are the symbols for T cytotoxic cells? |
CD8+ |
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What are the symbols for T regulartory cells? |
CD4+/CD25+ |
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What are APCs? |
Antigen Presenting Cells -phagocytic cells that engulf and break down pathogens -present antigen to T cells |
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What cells exhibit MHC Class I? |
All cells |
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What cells exhibit MHC Class II? |
pAPCs -dendritic cells -macrophages -B cells |
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What cells have memory? |
T Cells and B cells |
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Describe primary and secondary response |
Primary- first exposure to antigen, creates memory lymphocytes Secondary - second exposure restimulates memory lymphocytes and creates a better response |
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What are HSCs? |
Hematopoietic Stem Cells- self renewing cell type that gives rise to all blood lineages |
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What is Hematopoiesis? |
The formation and differentiation of blood cells (happens in bone marrow and yolk sac) |
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What the 3 typea of mononuclear phagocytes? |
Monocytes Macrophages Dendritic cells |
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What do monocytes become one they enter tissues? |
Macrophages |
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What is a phagocyte? |
A cell with the ability to take up and degrade microbes and particulate antigens |
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What cell is most effective at antigen presentation? |
Dendritic Cells |
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What distinguishes primary organs from secondary organs? |
Primary- maturation of lymphocytes Secondary- interaction of lymphocytes with antigen |
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What are primary organs? |
Bone marrow and thymus |
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What are secondary organs? |
Spleen Lymph nodes MALT |
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Define immunocompetent |
A mature lymphoid cell that is capable of recognizing an antigen and mediating an immune response |
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What are 2 bone marrow micro niches? |
Endosteal (closer to bone) Vascular (closee to blood vessels) |
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Where do B cells originate from? |
Bone marrow |
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Where do T cells originate from? |
Thymus |
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What part of the thymus is densely packed with immature T cells? |
Cortex |
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What are three parts of thymic selection |
-Recognize antigen MHC complexes -incapable of recognizing antigen MHC complexes -recognize self antigen MHC complexes |
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What is plasma? |
Fluid portion of the blood |
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Describe the lymphatic system |
A network of vessels and nodes that conveys lymph |
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What happens in the paracortex of lymph nodes? |
-B-cells migrate to edges od T zone -B cells present to T helper cells -Small foci are formed at edges with Th and proliferating B cells |
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What happens in the cortex of lymph nodes? |
4-7 days later -B cells migrate to primary follicles -Forms secondary follicles with a germinal center -Some plasma cells migrate to medullary region |
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What is the main job of the spleen? |
Filters blood and traps blood borne antigens |
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How are bloos borne antigens and lymphocytes carried into the spleen? |
Splenic artery |
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Describe red pulp |
-Red Blood Cells -Macrophages and lymphocytes -Filtration of dead RBCs |
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Describe white pulp |
-White blood cells -B cells and some germinal centers -T cells near the splenic artery |
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What are PALS? |
Periarteriolar Lymphoid Shealth -White pulp surrounding the branches of the splenic artery -mainly T cells but some B cells |
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Describe the Marginal Zone |
-Peripheral to PALs -B cells and pAPCs |
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Describe MALT |
Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue -organizes responses to antigens that enter mucosal tissues -Diffuse lymphoid tissue -MAJOR SITE FOR ENTRY |
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What is GALT AND BALT |
Gut associated lymphoid tissue Bronchus associated lymphoid tissue |
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What is Peyers Patch? |
In MALT -intestinal lining -30-40 lymphoid follicles -fairly organized |
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Which secondary lymphoid organ has the most plasma cells? |
MALT |
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What are M cells? |
Specialized cells in the lining of the gut that deliver antigens from the intestinal spaces to lymphoid cells in the gut wall |
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What secretes cytokines for inflammation? |
Keratinocytes |
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What are Langerhans Cells? |
Dendritic cells that migrate to regional lymph nodes and activate Th cells |
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What is a primary follicle? |
Follicular dendritic cells and resting B cells |
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What are secondary follicles? |
Enlarged ring of packed B lymphocytes surrounding germinal center |
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Describe the germinal center |
Proliferating B cells Non diving B cells Th cells |
