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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
TNF alone
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1. TNF enhances NADPH oxidase activity.
2. TNF: role in the activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase. |
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IL-2
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1. Growth factor for T cells.
2. Enhances NK cell cytotoxicity. 3. Plays a role in pCTL to CTL differentiation. |
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IL-3
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Hematopoiesis - important for both myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cell development.
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IL-4
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1. Required to isotype switch to IgE.
2. Down regulation of TH1 cytokine production. 3. Down regulation of iNOS (not as effective as TGF-Beta) 4. Shifts Th0 response to Th2 phenotype. |
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IL-5
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1. Hematopoiesis - differentiation of eosinophils.
2. Chemotactic for eosinophils; recruiting eosinophils to tissues. 3. Activation of eosinophils. |
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IL-6
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1. Stimulus for secretion of C-reactive protein from hepatocytes (inflammation-)
2. In the presence of TGF-Beta, IL-6 plays a role in the differentiation of Thp cells to Th17. |
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IL-7
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Hematopoiesis - Role for B and T cell differentiation. Bone marrow and thymus.
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IL-10
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1. Down regulates IL-12 secretion by dendritic cells and macrophages (leads to down regulation of Th1 cytokines.
2. Down regulates iNOS but is not as effective as TGF-Beta. 3. Inhibitory molecule. |
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IL-12
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Activates NK cells to secrete IFN-gamma (enhanced if either IL-15 or IL-18 is present.
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IL-13
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1. In lung, mediator of allergic asthma.
2. Plays a role in helminth infections (nematodes - round worms). |
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IL-15
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1. Plays a role (along with IL-12) in inducing NK cells to secrete IFN-gamma.
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IL-17
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1. Functionally, IL-17 induces expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines from wide range of cells (e.g., IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, G-CSF and metalloproteinases from macrophages and other cell types.
2. Autoimmune disorders if Th17 cells specific for self antigen. 3. IL-17 is chemotactic for neutrophils. 4. Plays a key role in fungal infections and in extracellular bacterial infections. |
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IL-18
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1. Plays a role (along with IL-12) in inducing NK cells to secrete IFN-gamma.
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IL-21
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1. Growth factor (amplification) of Th17 cells.
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IL-22
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1. Proinflammatory - Has been shown to be elevated in several inflammatory conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis).
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IL-23
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1. Role in differentiation of Thp cells to Th17 cells in the presence of TGF-Beta & IL-6 or IL-1.
2. Proinflammatory cytokine that is composed of two subunits (p19 and p40). The p40 subunit is common to both IL-12 and IL-23. 3. Elevated in multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and Crohn's disease. |
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IL-33
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1. Activates mast cells.
2. IL-33 is upregulated in intestinal parasite infection. 3. Th2 cells have receptors for IL-33 - function ??? 4. IL-33 suggested to be a member of the alarmin family, molecules that are released upon tissue necrosis. IL-33 is released when endothelial cells or epithelial cells undergo damage/necrosis. As such IL-33 can trigger multiple immunological processes as a result of trauma or infection (e.g., activate mast cells). Such immune cells can secrete alarmins without undergoing necrosis. 5. Dysregulated IL-33 contributes to asthma, arthritis and inflammatory bowel disorder. |
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IFN-gamma
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1. Activates iNOS.
2. Enhances activation of NADPH oxidase. 3. Down regulates production of Th2 cytokines. 4. Critical for Th0 differentiation to Th1 phenotype. 5. Along with IL-2, promotes pCTL to CTL differentiation. 6. Enhances expression of Class I MHC on nucleated cells. 7. Enhances expression of Class II MHC on antigen presenting cells. |
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IFN-alpha and IFN-beta
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2. Triggers production of enzymes* that interfere with replication of some viruses (*2'5' oligoadenylate synthetase)
3. Inhibition of T cell proliferation 4. Increase expression of Class I MHC on nucleated cells. |
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TGF-beta
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2. Down regulation of iNOS.
3. Critical for differentiation of Th0 cells to a/i Tregs. 4. In the presence of IL-6 or IL-1 and IL-23 --> differentiation Thp cells to Th17 |
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GM-CSF
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Role in hematopoiesis; role in differentiation of myeloid progenitor to GM-progenitor. Role in mobilization and activation of dendritic cells.
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G-CSF
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Role in hematopoiesis; role in differentiation of GM progenitor to granulocyte/neutrophil.
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M-CSF
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Role in hematopoiesis; role in differentiation of GM progenitor to monocyte.
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