Immunology Chapter 8

Front 1

From where do naive T cells receive their survival signals?

Back 1

From encounters with self-peptied:selfMHC complexes and also via their IL-7 receptors

Front 2

T-cells that are prepped to remove an antigen are called ____; these act on _____

Back 2

armed effector T cells
target cells

Front 3

The most important antigen presenting cells are the _____.

Back 3

dendritic cells

Front 4

Which system initially induces tissue dendiritic cells the innate or the adaptive?

Back 4

Innate - see page 319

Front 5

What distinguishes mature dendiritic cells from one another?

Back 5

Their surface molecules, the co-stimulatory molecules

Front 6

List the professinal antigen presenting cells

Back 6

Dendritic Cells
B cells
Macrophages

Front 7

Pathogens that accumulate in large numbers inside macrophage and dendriditic cell vesicles tend to stimulate the differentioation of ___ cells

Back 7

Th1

Front 8

Extracellular antigens stimulate the production of Th__ cells

Back 8

Th2

Front 9

Th1 induce b cells to make ____ antibodies- why?

Back 9

IgG - because they are effective at opsonizing extracellular pathogens for ingestion by phagocytic cells

ALSO - IgM - to initiate the humoral immune response via activation of niave antigen specific B cells

Front 10

Th2 induces b cells to make ____ antibodies

Back 10

IgA and IgE and some weakly neutralizing and/or weakly opsonizing subtypes of IgG

Front 11

Fill in the Blanks

Back 11

Figure 8.1-page 320

Front 12

True or False

Both Th1 and Th2 cells can also contribute to humoral immunity by the production of antibodies

Back 12

True

Front 13

The major components of cell mediated immunity are ____.

Back 13

armed effector t cells

Front 14

The activation and clonal expansion of a naive T cell on initial encounter with antigen on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell is often called ____.

Back 14

Priming

Front 15

Where are adaptive immune responses initiated in regards to the t-cell response?

Back 15

In the peripheral lymphoid tissues

Front 16

Pathogens infecting mucosal tissues accumulate where?

Back 16

In Peyer's patches of the gut or tonsils

Front 17

Pathogens in the blood are trapped where?

Back 17

Spleen

Front 18

In what ways does the innate immune response play a role in antigen delivery to naive T cells?

Back 18

Inflammation- increases entry of plasma into infected tissue and therefore drainage of tissue into lymph

Induces maturation of tissue dendritic cells via non antigen specific receptors or cytokine signaling (also activates macrophage)

Front 19

True or False
Once in the lymph nodes, dendritic cells can no longer phagocytose antigens

Back 19

True

Front 20

In what part of the lymph nodes are macrophages most likely to be found?

Back 20

Marginal Sinus

Front 21

Why aren't b-cells very efficient at mounting an adaptive immune response?

Back 21

Antigen specificity (and scarcity) limits the likliehood of encountering a niave t cell specific for the same antigen

Front 22

Where do naive t cells enter lymphoid tissues

Back 22

HEV

Front 23

The main classes of adhesion molecules involved in lymphocyte interactions are ____.

Back 23

The selectins, integrins, members of the immunoglobin superfamily, and some mucin-like molecules.

Front 24

____: the selectin expressed on leukocytes

Back 24

L-selectin-CD26L

Front 25

____: the selectin expressed on vascular epithelium

Back 25

P-selectin - Cd62P
AND
E-selectrin - Cd62E

Front 26

L selectin binds to the carbohydrate moiety ____ which bind to the following vasucal addressins: ___

Back 26

sulfated sialyl-Lewis^x of the vascular addressins CD34 and GlyCAM-1 and in mucosa - MAdCAM-1 (gut)

Front 27

What proteins are required fir t-cells to cross the endothelial barrier in lymphoid tissue?

Back 27

integrins and the immunoglobin superfamily.

Front 28

What is responsible for signaling integrines?

Back 28

Chemokines

Front 29

Migration of naive T cells into lymphoid tissues is mediated by ____.

Back 29

CCL21 AKA SLC (secondary Lymphoid Tissue Checmokine)

Front 30

CCL21 (aka SLC) is expressed by _____.

Back 30

High vascular endothelial cells, stromal cells, and dendritic cells in lymphoid tissues.

Front 31

All t cells exoress a B2 integrin known as ____.

Back 31

LFA-1 (lymphocyte function associated antigen)

Front 32

LFA-1 plays a role in ______.

Back 32

Migration of both naive and effector T cells out the blood. It is also thought to be one of the most important adhesion molecules for T cell activation because antibodies against them inhibit activation of niave and armed effector T Cells.

Front 33

In an integrin, the B chain defines the ____ of the integrin and the alpha chain defines the _____.

Back 33

class
different integrins within a class

Front 34

A_B_ integrin = LPAM-1

Back 34

A4B7=lymphocyte peyer's patches

Front 35

LFA:___ (all T cells)
LPAM-1:___(subset of naive cells)
VLA:___ (activated effector T cells)

Back 35

LFA-1:ICAM-1
LPAM-1:MAdCAM-1
VLA:VCAM-1

Front 36

Fill in the Blanks

Back 36

Figure 8.7 page 326

Front 37

Fill in the Blanks

Back 37

Figure 8.8 page 327

Front 38

True or False

Naive CD8 T cells seem to require a stronger co-stimulatory signal than CD4 T cells.

Back 38

True

Front 39

List the two co-stimulary molecules.

Back 39

B7.1 (CD80)
B7.2 (CD86)

Front 40

What is the receptor for B7 molecules on the T cell?

Back 40

CD28

Front 41

Ligation of CD28 and B7 molecules is required for what process?

Back 41

Clonal Expansion of naive T cells

Front 42

True or False

Both B7 molecules and CD28 are members of the immunoglobuline superfamily

Back 42

True

Front 43

CD40 and CD40 ligand belong to the ____ family of receptors and ligans

Back 43

Tumor necrosis

Front 44

CD40 helps to do what?

Back 44

Sustain or modify the co-stimulatory signal

Front 45

What other TNF molecules (besides CD40 and CD40L)contribute to co-stimulation of T cells?

Back 45

4-1BB (CD137)
4-1BBL (

Front 46

What is T-cell:antigen-presenting cell dialogue?

Back 46

The bidirectional stimulation of both APC and T-cells via the receipt of activating signals

Front 47

What is the finction of CTLA-4?

Back 47

It's a B molecule that delivers an inhibitory signal to the activated T cell

Front 48

Lack of CTLA-4 in mice leads to what?

Back 48

massive overgrowth of lymphocytes

Front 49

Define anergy.

Back 49

The state of a T-cell whereby activation by a specific antigen cannot be achieved, even when presented by a professional APC.

Front 50

Whys is it necessary for only one cell to deliver both the antigen specific signal and co-stiulatory signal?

Back 50

To prevent immune responses to self antigens.

Front 51

True or False

Leukocytes only adhere to arteries, they do not adhere to veins.

Back 51

False

Leukocytes adhere to veins only, NOT arteries

Front 52

What receptor does a dendritic cell commonly use to take up antigens?

Back 52

DEC205

Front 53

Give an example of a typical immature dendritic cell.

Back 53

Langerhans' cells of the skin

Front 54

Langerhans' cells contain ___ granules.

Back 54

Birbeck

Front 55

Is this an immature or mature dendritic cell, and how do you know?

Back 55

It is a mature dendritic cell because it has B molecules and lots of adhesion molecules

Front 56

Once in the lynphoid tissues, dendritic cells secretes the chemokine _____ that attracts naive t cells

Back 56

DC-CK (CCL18)

Front 57

LPS receptors are found on ___ and ___ and associate with _____ (receptor) which then activates the transcription factor ____.

Back 57

macrophages and dendritic cells
TLR-4
NFkB

Front 58

How do pathogens that have evolved to esacape phagocytic receptors eventually get taken up by dendritic cells?

Back 58

Via macropinocytosis

Front 59

In evasive bacteria- what causes recognition after ingestion by dendritic cells?

Back 59

unmethylated CpG dinucleotide motifs by TLR-9
-exposure to this DNA actovates NFkB (a transcription factor) and MAP kinase signaling pathways which leads to cytokine production.

ALSO HSP

Front 60

True or False

Viral peptides are only presented on class 1 MHC on dendritic cells

Back 60

False- They are presented on both MHC 1 and MHC 2
(page 333)

Front 61

Dendritic cells can present ____ which are associated with graft rejections.

Back 61

Alloantigens

Front 62

B cells can easily uptake ___ antigens via receptor mediated endocytyosis.

Back 62

soluble