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10 Cards in this Set
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most frequently seen in middle-aged women
individual produces auto-antibodies and sensitized Th1 cells specific for thyroid antigens DTH response is characterized by intense infiltration of the thyroid gland by lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells inflammatory response causes goiter binding of auto-antibodies to thyroid proteins interferes w/ iodine uptake leading to hypothyroidism |
Hashimoto's Thyoiditis
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caused by auto-antibodies to intrinsic factor - a membrane-bound intestinal protein on gastric parietal cells
blocks IF-mediated absorption of vit B12 vit B12 is necessary for proper hematopoiesis and the number functional mature RBCs decreases below normal |
pernicious anemia
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auto-antibody to RBC antigens, triggering complement-mediated lysis or antibody-mediated opsonization and phagocytosis of the RBCs
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autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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auto-antibodies specific for certain basement membrane antigens bind to the basement membranes of the kidney glomeruli and the alveoli of the lungs
subsequent complement activation leads to direct cellular damage and an ensuing inflammatory response mediated by a buildup of complement split products damage to the glomerular and alveolar basement membranes leads to progressive kidney damage and pulmonary hemorrhage |
goodpasture's syndrome
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caused by an autoimmune attack on the pancreas
directed against beta cells, destroying them, resulting in decreased production of insulin and consequently increased blood glucose |
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
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produces auto-antibodies that bind the receptor or TSH and mimic the normal action of TSH, activated adenylate cyclase and resulting in the production of thyroid hormones
these auto-antibodies are not regulated, and consequently overstimulate the thyroid for this reason these auto-Abs are called long-acting thyroid-stimulating (LATS) Abs |
Graves' disease
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produces auto-Abs that bind the acetylcholine receptors on the motor end plates of muscles, blocking the normal binding of acetylcholine and also inducing complement-mediated lysis of the cells
result is progressive weakening of skeletal muscles |
Myasthenia gravis
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typically appears in women b/t 20-40 yrs of age (10:1 female:male patients)
characterized by fever, weakness, arthritis, skin rashes, pleurisy, and kidney dysfunction may produce auto-antibodies to a wide array o tissue antigens, such as DNA, histones, RBCs, platelets, leukocytes, and clotting factors can result in complement-mediated lysis and hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia (RBCs and platelets) type III hypersensitivity reactions can occur excessive complement activation occurs neutrophils attach to small blood vessels due to increased CR3 expression and therefore ease of aggregation --> lower # of circulating PMNs |
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
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most people diagnosed b/t ages of 20-40
individuals produce autoreactive T cells that participate in the formation of inflammatory lesions along the myelin sheath of nerve fibers cerebrospinal fluid of patients contains activated T lyphocytes |
multiple sclerosis
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most often affects women b/t 40-60
chronic joint inflammation, although hematologic, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems are also affected many produce a group of auto-antibodies called ______ _____ that are reactive w/ determinants in the Fc region of IgG ---classic example of this is IgM, which binds to the IgG and deposits IgM-IgG complexes in the joints ----> these complexes activate the complement cascade, resulting in a type III hypersensitivity |
rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid factors |
