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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who established the first line of defense against acute infection are phagocytes?
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Elie Metchnikoff
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Another name for Leukocytes
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White blood cells
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What is serum?
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non cellular portion of blood
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Which two people developed the first effective therapeutic serum against diphtheria?
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Emil Von Behring and Erich Wernicke
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Who developed an effective therapeutic serum against tetanus?
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Shibasaburo Kitasato
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What type of fluid did Von Behring use and what did he call his immunity
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Serum and humoral immunity
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What was the name of the dog from Alaska who saved the children?
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Balto
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What are the four barrier or components of innate immunity?
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Anatomoic, Physiologic, Phagocytotic and inflammatory barriers
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Name two anatomic barriers of the innate system:
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1. Skin (temp, pH, Keratin protein)
2. Mucus Membrane (cilia, goblet cells) |
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Name four physiologic barriers of the innate system:
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1. Lysozyme
2. Complement 3. Interferon 4. Fever |
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Why don't we usually see macrophages and monocytes together?
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Because monocytes turn into macrophages in tissue
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List the five steps of phagocytosis
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1. Attachment
2. Ingestion 3. Fusion with Lysozyme 4. Digestion 5. Particles released by exocytosis |
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What is prostaglandin and what does it do?
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It is a cytokine of the immune system
Causes nerves to be more sensitive which causes the tissue more acute pain, is a chemotactic factor, and causes the release of histamine because it binds to mast cells |
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What is the function of histamines?
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Vasodialation and vasopermability and induces epithelia cells to produce receptors to leukocytes
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What three actions do leukocytes do when they get to damaged tissue?
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Margination
Extravasation Diapedisis |
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What are the four cardinal signs of inflammation?
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1. Calor (heat)
2. Tumor (swelling) 3. Rubor (redness) 4. Dolor (pain) |
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List four characteristics of Adaptive immunity:
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1. Antigen Specificity
2. Diversity 3. Immunologic memory 4. Self/Nonself recognition |
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What are three cells of the Adaptive immune response?
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1. B Cells
2. T helper 3. Tc |
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What cell produces antibodies?
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B lymphocytes
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Characteristics of Cellular immunity of the Adaptive immune response
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-T cells
-Intracellular pathogens -protects against cancer -Tissue rejection |
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Characterisitcis of Humoral immunity of the Adaptive immune response
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-B cells that produce antibodies
-Extracellular pathogens |
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Which type of adaptive immunity is MHC dependent?
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Cellular immunity
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What is the endogenus pathway?
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Uses intracellular antigen
uses MHC I which is produced from the ER |
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What's the difference between primary and secondary lymphoid organs
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Primary: environment for maturation of lympocytes
Secondary: Trap antigens |
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What are the primary and secondary lymphoid organs?
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Primary: Bone marrow, Thymus
Secondary: Spleen, apendix, Tonsils, lymph nodes |
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What are the four types of stromal cells?
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1. Adipose cells
2. Endothelial cells 3. Fibroblast 4. Macrophages |
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What are the two growth kinines found because of in-vitro growth of HSC
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1. Colony-stimulating factors (CSF)
2. Erythropoietin (EPO) |
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What is necrosis?
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Cell death that releases cell contents and secrets prostaglandin and causes inflammation
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What is apoptosis?
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programmed cell death where the cell produces blebbs which are taken up by phagocytes
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What are the steps of apoptosis?
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1. Decrease in cell volume
2. Membrane blebbing 3. Condensation of chromatin 4. Degradation of DNA into small fragments |
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What is the effect of Bcl-2?
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prevents apoptosis
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What are SCID mice?
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(severe combined immunodeficiency)Mice without an adaptive immune response
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Characteristics of B lymphocytes:
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-Differentiate into plasma cells
-Bind to soluble antigen -B220 -CD40 |
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Characterisitcs of T lymphocytes:
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-TCR and CD3
-CD4 or CD8 -CD28 -bind to MHC antigens |
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Characteristics of NK cells (natural killer):
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-react against tumor cells
-lack B or T markers |
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Characteristics of Dendritic cells:
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-Act as main APC
-express high levels of MHC II and B7 |
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Three types of T lymphocytes and their receptors:
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1. TH: CD4, CD28-(helps produce IL-2)
2. Tc: CD8 3. Treg: CD4, CD25 |
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What are Beige + mice?
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mice without NK cells, have abundant tumors
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Characteristics of NKT cells:
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-Similar to NK and T cells
-have no interaction with MHC -Intract with CD1 and lipids -Have lots of CD16 |
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4 different types of mononuclear phagocytes, named because of the tissue they serve:
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1. Alveolar macrophages
2. Histiocytes 3. Kupffer cells 4. Mesangial cells |
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Which are the granulocytic cells?
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Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
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How do NK cells target tumor cells?
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Receptor CD16 recognizes Ab attached to tumor cells
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