Immunology-Buxton For Test 1

Front 1

What is the body's 1st line of defense against infection?

Back 1

Skin
Mucous membranes

Front 2

Refers to natural or native immunity

Back 2

Innate immunity

Front 3

Refers to specific or acquired immunity

Back 3

Adaptive immunity

Front 4

Host defense that is stimulated by microbes that invade tissues

Back 4

Adaptive immunity

Front 5

The 1st line of defense in innate immunity is provided by:

Back 5

Epithelial barriers

Specialized cells and natural antibiotics present in epithelia

Front 6

If microbes do breach epithelia and enter the tissues or circulation, they are attacked by:

Back 6

Phagocytes
NK cells (specialized lymphocytes)
Complement system (plasma proteins)

Front 7

Mechanisms of innate immunity recognize and react against microbes but do not react against what?

Back 7

Non-infectious foreign substances

Front 8

Defects in this immune system result in increased susceptibility to infections.

Back 8

Adaptive immune system

Front 9

What are substances produced by microbes as well as noninfectious molecules?

Back 9

Antigens

Front 10

Molecule that stimulates an immune response

Back 10

Antigen

Front 11

Function to eliminate microbes in extracellular fluid

Back 11

Antibodies

Front 12

Function to eliminate microbes living inside cells

Back 12

T lymphocytes

Front 13

Entry of white blood cells into tissue results in:

Back 13

Inflammation

Front 14

What are the two types of adaptive immunity?

Back 14

Humoral immunity
Cell-mediated immunity

Front 15

I am secreted into the circulation and mucosal fluids and neutralize and eliminate microbes and microbial toxins that are present in the blood and lumens of mucosal organs.

What am I?

Back 15

Antibodies

Front 16

What is one of the most important functions of antibodies?

Back 16

To stop microbes that are present at mucosal surfaces and in the blood from gaining access to and colonizing host cells and connective tissues.

Front 17

Antibodies do not have access to microbes that live and divide inside infected cells. Defense against such intracellular microbes is called:

Back 17

Cell-mediated immunity because it is mediated by cells called T lymphocytes

Front 18

This immune system has a fine specificity for structurally distinct antigens and memory of prior exposure to antigen

Back 18

Adaptive Immunity

Front 19

These ingest microbes

Back 19

Phagocytes

Front 20

Small peptides that are secreted and induce cells to participate in host defense mechanisms

Back 20

Cytokines

Front 21

1st exposure to antigen

Back 21

Primary immune response

Front 22

Subsequent encounters with the same antigen that are usually more rapid, larger, and better able to eliminate the antigen

Back 22

Secondary immune response

Front 23

This attracts cells to a specific area during immune response

Back 23

chemokines

Front 24

Soluble mediator

Back 24

cytokines

Front 25

What tells leukocytes where to go?

Back 25

Chemostatic factors

Front 26

How does the body recognize the "enemy"?

Back 26

Toll-like receptors on cells of innate defense

Antigen receptors on T and B cells

Front 27

These cells have receptors specific for a certain part of a chemical

Back 27

Lymphocytes

Front 28

Macrophages and neutrophils are part of which immune system?

Back 28

Innate immunity

Front 29

T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes are part of which immune system?

Back 29

Adaptive immunity

Front 30

How are immune and inflammatory responses a double-edged sword?

Back 30

Because it provides protctioon and recovery from infection but it can also damage surrounding tissues

Front 31

Portion of the antigen molecule that binds to the antigen receptors of T or B cells or to the binding sites of antibody molecules

Back 31

Epitope

Front 32

Small peptide mediator that is secreted by a variety of cell and stimulate a variety of immunologic functions

Back 32

Cytokine

Front 33

These WBCs differentiate into macrophages

Back 33

Monocytes

Front 34

What are the 3 granulocytes?

Back 34

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

Front 35

The most important cell in the defense against extracellular bacteria

Back 35

Neutrophils

Front 36

What is the most abundant WBC?

Back 36

Neutrophils

Front 37

A cell-surface receptor specific for the carboxy-terminal constant region of an Ig molecule

Back 37

Fc Receptor

Front 38

Part of antibody that contains only the disulfide linked carboxy-terminal regions of the 2 heavy chains

Back 38

Fragment crystalline (Fc)

Front 39

Area of antibody that mediates effector functions by binding to cell surface receptors of phagocytes and NK cells or complement protein

Back 39

Fragment crystalline (Fc)

Front 40

Where are Fc receptors found?

Back 40

Phagocytic and "killer" cells

Front 41

A molecule that acts as a binding enhancer for the process of phagocytosis

Back 41

Opsonin

Front 42

Collection of circulating and cell membrane proteins that play important roles in host defense against microbes and in antibody-mediated

Back 42

Complement system

Front 43

What is the 1st cell type to respond to most infections, particularly bacterial and fungal infections?

Back 43

Neutrophils

Front 44

Phagocytes that enter extravascular tissues at sites of infection, ingest microbes, and die after a few hours.

Back 44

Neutrophils

Front 45

These phagocytes enter extravascular tissues, survive for long periods of time and differentiate into cells called macrophages.

Back 45

Monocytes

Front 46

How to do neutrophils and monocytes migrate to extravascular sites of infection ?

Back 46

By binding to endothelial adhesion molecules and in response to chemo-attractants that are produced on encounter with microbes

Front 47

What is lactoferrin used for?

Back 47

Growth of bacteria

Front 48

Where are basophils found?

Back 48

In the blood

Front 49

Where are mast cells found?

Back 49

In tissues

Front 50

What is another name for the Fc receptor for IgG?

Back 50

CD16