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4 Cards in this Set
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Compare cytokines and chemokines in relation to inflammation - definition classifiation, general properties, and functions. Include CC and CXC.
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Cytokines: aka Interlukins. Major ones are TNF and IL1 in acute, and IL12/IGNgamma in chronic. Can act on WBC's, on bone marrow to make more leukocytes.
IL1 and TNF are made by activated macrophages and serve mostly to turn on ENDOTHELIAL ACTIVATION - to call in more WBC's. IL1 activates fibroblasts, too. They both also mediate the systemic response. Chemokines - mostly small attractants for WBC's. Can be specific for different WBC's. Bind to specific g-protein coupled receptors. Includes CCR5 and CXCR4. Chemokines can be CXC or CC. CXC has an AA between conserved cystines and is mainly used in neurtophil activation, comes from MACROPHAGES. CC has a lot of other roles - MCP1 (monocyte chemoattractive protein), macrophage inflamatory protein (MIP). RANTES, eotaxin (attrats eosinophils). |
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PDGF, il1 and il2, TNF, inf-gamma - what's up with each of them?
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PDGF: made in endothelial cells, macrophages smooth muscles, etc...STORED in platelets. Released from platelets and are big involved in FIBROBLAST ATTRACTION and ACTIVATION. Also attracts macrophages. Note that IL1 and TNF can also cause fibroblast proliferation.
IL1 - made by activated macrophages. Released upon stimulation by endotins and stimulation by T-cells. Responsible for Endothelial Activation (attractant presentation). Also in the systemic response. Big involved in fibroblasts too. TNF - from activated macrophages, like IL1. Same kinda deal with endothelial activation. Not involved in fibroblasts. Macrophages release IL-12 which activates T-cells in chronic inflammation. T-cells make IFN-gamma, which activate macrophages to do their thing. This is the connection between macrophages and T-cells. Also, macs are APC's to T-cells. IL2 - made by T-cells, for T cells. Needed to make specific cytotoxic T-cells and for T-cell memory. |
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talk about growth factors in wound healing - types, origin, targets.
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if talking haematopoesis, GF's are CSF's (colony simulating factors) - made if blood cells lost.
HGF - hepatocyte growth factor. EGF - and TGF-alpha (transforming growth factor and epidermal growth factor) - made by keritonocytes in skin. both do cutaneous wound healing. VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) - angiogenesis. PDGF and TFG-beta also involved in angiogenesis. FGF's = fibroblast growth factors, big in wound healing. |
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detail scar formation and healing:
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need fibroblasts to migrate and multiply, then need them to spit out ECM.
1. PDGF and FGF's are big into fibroblast recruitment. Also TGF-beta. A lot of these come from activated endothelium and macrophgages. Mostly for scars, it's PDGF, TFG-beta, and FGF. |
